Skull fracture/ Head injury Flashcards
Which type of skull fracture is characterized by a linear fracture that extends through the cranial vault without bone displacement?
a) Depressed fracture
b) Basilar fracture
c) Diastatic fracture
d) Linear fracture
b) Basilar fracture
Which imaging modality is most commonly used to evaluate skull fractures?
a) Computed tomography (CT) scan
b) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
c) X-ray
d) Ultrasound
A
hich of the following is a potential complication of a depressed skull fracture?
a) Epidural hematoma
b) Subdural hematoma
c) Intracerebral hemorrhage
d) Cerebral edema
B
Which cranial nerve is most commonly affected in cases of brainstem compression due to brain herniation?
a) Cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve)
b) Cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)
c) Cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
d) Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve)
A
What is the primary goal of medical management in patients with elevated ICP?
a) Reducing cerebral blood flow
b) Controlling seizures
c) Promoting brain oxygenation
d) Administering analgesics for pain relief
c) Promoting brain oxygenation
Which of the following is a clinical feature of an epidural hematoma?
a) Gradual onset of symptoms over hours or days
b) Rapid deterioration of consciousness
c) Presence of papilledema
d) Loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the nose or ear
b) Rapid deterioration of consciousness
Which type of head injury is characterized by a brief loss of consciousness followed by a rapid return to normal functioning?
a) Concussion
b) Contusion
c) Diffuse axonal injury
d) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
A
Which of the following clinical features is associated with a diffuse axonal injury?
a) Focal neurologic deficits
b) Hemiparesis
c) Decerebrate posturing
d) Battle’s sign
c) Decerebrate posturing
What is the most common cause of head injury in infants?
a) Falls
b) Motor vehicle accidents
c) Non-accidental trauma
d) Sports-related injuries
c) Non-accidental trauma (child abuse)
Which type of head injury is characterized by bleeding between the dura mater and arachnoid mater?
a) Epidural hematoma
b) Subdural hematoma
c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
d) Intracerebral hemorrhage
Subdural hematoma
What is the classic clinical presentation of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
a) Sudden onset of severe headache, often described as “the worst headache of my life”
b) Gradual onset of focal neurologic deficits
c) Altered mental status with confusion and disorientation
d) Rapid deterioration of consciousness and loss of consciousness
A
Which of the following is a potential complication of an epidural hematoma?
a) Brainstem herniation
b) Cerebral edema
c) Subdural hemorrhage
d) Intracerebral contusion
A
Which diagnostic test is most useful for identifying diffuse axonal injury (DAI)?
a) Computed tomography (CT) scan
b) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
c) Electroencephalogram (EEG)
d) Lumbar puncture
B
Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of a contrecoup injury?
a) Ipsilateral limb weakness
b) Contralateral limb weakness
c) Cranial nerve palsy
d) Battle’s sign
B
During your assessment of a patient with Epidural hematoma which of the following is most likely to be seen?
A. Aura
B. Depersonalization
C. Abdominal pain
D. Lucid interval
E. Arthralgia
D.
Slow accumulation
Which of the following is a feared complication of severed epidural hematoma?
Muscle spasms
Abdominal distention
Bullae formation
Hypoventilation
Transtentorial herniation
Hyperventilation
Transtentorial herniation
Which of the following describes an epidural hematoma
a. Bulls Eye rash
b. Hematoma btwn dura and pia matter
c. “worst headache of my life”
d. Crescent-shaped on CT
e. hematoma btwn skull and dura mater
f. autoimmune
e.
Which of the following characteristics is moslty likely associated with epidural heamatoma?
A. Doe not cross suture lines
B. Crosses suture line
A. Doe not cross suture lines
Due to superior attachment of the dura to the periosteum at the suture.
Which of the following results confirms the diagnosis of an epidural hematoma?
A. Lens-shaped on CT
B. Crescent-shape on CT
A
Which of the following groups of people is mostly likely associated with subdural hematoma?
A. Vegans
B. 9:1 female to male ratio
C. Elderly
D. Blue bloaters
C. Due to brain atrophy and shrinking more tention is placed on the bridging veins. The brain can move more thus stretching the bridging veins making them more susceptible to tear and injury.
