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Anatomy > Skull & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Skull & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the pterion susceptible to damage?

A

A lot of sutures meet at this point.

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2
Q

Name the structures that pass through the superior orbital fissue.

A 
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Abducent nerve
Opthalmic veins
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3
Q

Name the structures that pass through the optic canal.

A

Optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

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4
Q

Name the structures that pass through foramen rotundum.

A

Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve.

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5
Q

Name the structures that pass through foramen ovale.

A

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve.

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6
Q

Name the structures that pass through foramen spinosum.

A

Middle meningeal artery & vein

Meningeal branch of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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7
Q

Name the structures that pass through foramen lacerum.

A

Petrosal nerves

Meningeal arteries

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8
Q

Name the structures that pass through the internal acoustic meatus.

A

Facial nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Labyrinthine artery

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9
Q

Name the structures that pass through the jugular foramen.

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Accessory vagus nerve

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10
Q

Name the structures that pass through the hypoglossal canal.

A

The hypoglossal nerve.

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11
Q

Name the cranial nerves.

A

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Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vagus
Glossopharyngeal
Vestibulocochlear
Accessory
Hypoglossal
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12
Q

Which cranial nerves have both sensory and motor functions?

A

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Olfactory (S)
Optic (S)
Oculomotor (M)
Trochlear (M)
Trigeminal (B)
Abducent (M)
Facial (B)
Vestibulocochlear (S)
Glossopharyngeal (B)
Vagus (B)
Accessory (M)
Hypoglossal (M)
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13
Q

Through which opening does the olfactory nerve run?

A

The olfactory bulb (via the ethmoid bone).

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14
Q

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

Smell.

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15
Q

Through which opening does the optic nerve run?

A

The optic canal.

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16
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

Vision.

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17
Q

Through which opening does the oculomotor nerve run?

A

Superior orbital fissure.

18
Q

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

A

It controls eye movement and innervates sphincter pupillae, all the rectus muscles (EXCEPT LATERAL) & inferior oblique.

19
Q

Through which opening does the trochlear nerve run?

A

The superior orbital fissure.

20
Q

What is the function of the trochlear nerve?

A

It innervates the superior oblique muscle.

21
Q

Damage to which cranial nerve causes double vision?

A

The trochlear nerve.

22
Q

Through which openings do the three branches of the trigeminal nerve run?

A

Opthalmic branch: superior orbital fissure
Maxillary branch: foramen rotundum
Mandibular branch: foramen ovale

23
Q

What is the function of the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

It is responsibile for pain & pressure from the nose to the scalp.

24
Q

What is the function of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Sensory innervation from the upper teeth & gums to the lower eyelids & roof of pharynx (i.e. mid-third of the face).

25
Q

What is the function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

It supplies the muscles of mastication.

26
Q

Through which opening does the abducent nerve run?

A

Superior orbital fissue.

27
Q

What is the function of the abducent nerve?

A

It innervates the lateral rectus muscle and is thus responsible for looking sideways.

28
Q

Through which opening does the facial nerve run?

A

The stylomastoid foramen.

29
Q

What is the function of the the facial nerve?

A

Motor: facial expression
Sensory: behind the ear, lacrimal & salivary glands and taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue (via chorda tympani)

30
Q

Through which opening does the vestibulocochlear nerve run?

A

The internal acoustic meatus.

31
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

It is responsible for hearing & balance.

32
Q

Injury to which cranial nerve results in vertigo?

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve.

33
Q

Through which opening does the glossopharyngeal nerve run?

A

The jugular foramen.

34
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Motor: stylopharyngeus
Sensory: oropharynx, carotid sinus & taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue

35
Q

Through which opening does the vagus nerve run?

A

The jugular foramen.

36
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

A

Motor: constrictors of pharynx, intrinsic muscles of larynx, soft palate & palatoglossus
Sensory: pharynx, larynx, viscera

It is also responsible for vocalisation & swallowing.

37
Q

Through which opening does the accessory nerve run?

A

The jugular foramen.

38
Q

What is the function of the accessory nerve?

A

It innervates trapezius & sternocleidomastoid.

39
Q

Injury to which nerve results in difficulty shrugging?

A

The accessory nerve.

40
Q

Through which opening does the hypoglossal nerve run?

A

The hypoglossal canal.

41
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

It innervate the muscles of the tongue (EXCEPT PALATOGLOSSUS).

Anatomy (8 decks)

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