Skull & Brain 2

Question 1

A focal area of encephalomalacia that communicates with the ventricular system is the definition of which intracranial condition?

Answer 1

Porencephaly (Porencephalic cyst)

Question 2

What is hydranencephaly?

Answer 2

Severe brain destruction in utero with CSF replacing brain tissue.

Question 3

Which midline defect is present 70% of the time in schizencephaly?

Answer 3

Absent septum pellucidum

Question 4

What are the 2 subtypes of lissencephaly?

Answer 4

i) Classic lissencephaly (neuronal undermigration)
- - Agyria w/ areas of broad, flat gyri
- - no Sylvian fissure is formed
- - band heterotopia
ii) Cobblestone lissencephaly (neuronal overmigration)
- - microlobulated surface

Question 5

Cobblestone lissencephaly (type 2) is often associated with which conditions?

Answer 5

Muscular dystrophy syndromes (eg. Fukuyama, Walker-Warburn)

Question 6

Polymicrogyria is commonly associated with which 2 other congenital brain anomalies?

Answer 6

i) Chiari malformation

ii) Schizencephaly

Question 7

Nodular heterotopias are most commonly seen in which location and what side?

Answer 7

R>L

Periventricular or subcortical

Question 8

What is the basic radiographic finding associated with Alzheimer disease?

Answer 8

Temporal lobe cortical atrophy (and some parietal lobe)

Question 9

What is the pathology seen in alcoholic dementia?

Answer 9

Demyelination & necrosis of corpus callosum

Question 10

What is the deficiency seen in Wernicke’s encephalopahty and in which pop’n do you see this condition?

Answer 10

Thiamine deficiency seen in chronic alcoholics.

Question 11

What is Pick disease?

Answer 11

Cortical dementia (less common than Alzeheimer’s)

Question 12

What is the difference between Pick disease and Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 12

Pick = frontal/temporal lobes; MALES
Alzeheimer's = temporal/parietal lobes; FEMALES

Question 13

Small pits along the sagittal sinus that contains arachnoid granulation is called:

Answer 13

Pacchionian depression

Question 14

A smooth/undulating region of calcification /bone extending from inner table of frontal bone in a middle aged female is most likely:

Answer 14

Hyperostosis frontalis interna

Question 15

What is the differential for wormian bones?

Answer 15

PORK CHOPS
P = pyknodysostosis
O = osteogenesis imperfecta
R = rickets healing
K = Kinky hair syndrome (Menkes)
C = cleidocranial dysplasia
H = hypothyroidism /hypophosphatasia
O = otopalatodigital syndrome
P = pachydermiperiostosis /primary acro-osteolysis (Hajdu-Cheney)
S  = syndrome of down

Question 16

List 2 conditions where platybasia is seen.

Answer 16

• Pagets

- Cleidocranial dysostosis

Question 17

List 3 conditions where a clover-leaf skull is seen.

Answer 17

i) Thanatophoric dysplasia
ii) severe Crouzon syndrome
iii) severe Apert’s syndrome