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Skull, Socket, Mandible Development > Skull and Mandible Development > Flashcards

Skull and Mandible Development Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial bones are there

A

8 cranial bones

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2
Q

How many facial bones are there

A

14 facial bones

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3
Q

What are the MAIN cranial bones?

A

Frontal - 1
Occipital - 1
Parietal - 2
Temporal - 2

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4
Q

What are the MAIN facial bones?

A

Nasal - 2
Zygomatic - 2
Maxilla - 1
Mandible - 1

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5
Q

What embryonic structure does the eye come from

A

optic placode

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6
Q

what structure does the nose, philtrum, and forehead come from

A

frontonasal prominence

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7
Q

what structure does the nose come from

A

nasal or olfactory placode

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8
Q

what structure does the stomadeum become

A

oral cavity

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9
Q

what early structures come from pharyngeal arch 1

A

maxillary and mandibular prominences

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10
Q

what structure does the nose come from

A

otic placode

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11
Q

eye and ear development during weeks 4-5

A

rapid brain development and frontonasal process is formed. The optic placode is formed, and auricular hillocks ( 3 hillocks each from pharyngeal arches 1 and 2) are also formed.

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12
Q

eye and ear development during weeks 6-7

A

lateral brain development. the optic placode moves more anteriorly. the auricular hillocks and the external auditory meatus migrate to the otic placode

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13
Q

eye and ear development during week 10

A

the optic placode moves in front of the face. The hillocks and the meatus have joined to form the ear.

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14
Q

Nose and Lip development during week 5

A

Nasal placode forms
Lateral nasal process forms
Medial nasal process forms

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15
Q

Nose and Lip development during week 6

A

medial migration of frontonasal process. The lateral nasal process and maxillary process join to form the nasolacrimal groove

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16
Q

nose and lip development during week 7

A

medial nasal and frontonasal process form the philtrum. Medial and maxillary join to form the upper lip

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17
Q

nose and lip development during week 10

A

medial process forms philtrum, medial maxilla, primary palate, medial nose

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18
Q

what parts form the nasolacrimal groove

A

lateral nasal process and the maxillary process

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19
Q

what parts join to form the philtrum

A

medial nasal process and the frontal nasal process

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20
Q

what parts join to form the upper lip

A

medial nasal process and maxillary process

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21
Q

what is the neurocranium

A

encases the skull

22
Q

what are the bones that make up the membranous neurocranium

A

flat bones

23
Q

what is the cartilaginous neurocranium also called

A

chondrocranium

24
Q

what are the two parts of the neurocranium

A

chondrocranium and membranous cranium

25
Q

what are the two structures that the neurocranium is derived from

A

neural crest cells and the somites

26
Q

Where is the viscerocranium

A

face

27
Q

what embryonic structure(s) is the viscerocranium made of

A

entirely neural crest cells

28
Q

What are the bones that make up the viscerocranium:

A

Facial bones: mandible, maxilla, zygoma, vomer, palatine, lacrimal, nasal, conchae

29
Q

what are the bones that make up the neurocranium

A

neural crest cells: temporal(squamosal), sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal
Mesoderm: temporal(petrosal), occipital, parietal

30
Q

During development of the skull: where does the cartilage development begin?

A

it begins at the midline

31
Q

where is the chondrocranium positioned

A

base of the skull/cranium

32
Q

what are the bones that make up the chondrocranium

A

part of the occipital bone, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal petrosal, and meckels cartilage

33
Q

what is intramembranous ossification

A

absence of cartilage model

34
Q

what bones develop through intramembranous ossification

A

flat bones of the face, skull, mandible, clavicle

35
Q

what is endochondral ossification

A

when there is a cartilage model precursor

36
Q

what bones develop through endochondral ossification

A

long bones, bones of extremities, vertebrae, ethmoid, sphenoid

37
Q

describe process of intramembranous ossification

A

mesenchymal cells aggregate and proliferate, the mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts, and secrete osteoid at multiple centers of ossification. Osteiod is mineralized.

38
Q

describe process of endochondral ossification

A

a hyaline cartilage model is used as a template during the generation of long and short bones. There are mesenchymal osteoblasts for two ossification centers, osteoid is deposited in place of the cartilage material

39
Q

when does endochondral bone growth begin and what does it depend on

A

it begins during the second trimester and continues into early adulthood. and it depends on the presence of epiphyseal cartilage

40
Q

how many zones of epiphyseal cartilage are there and what are they called

A
  1. reserve cartilage
  2. proliferation
  3. maturation
  4. hypertrophy and calcification
  5. degeneration or resorption
  6. osteogenic zone
41
Q

cranioschisis

A

cranial vault fails to form: fontanelles dont turn into sutures

42
Q

craniosynostisis

A

premature closing of one or more cranial sutures

43
Q

what gene family mutation causes craniosynostosis

A

mutation in the FGFR genes

44
Q

scaphocephaly

A

sagittal suture fails, expansion of the frontal and occipital bone, long and narrow

45
Q

brachycephaly

A

coronal suture fails, stout skull

46
Q

plagiocephaly

A

unilateral coronal and lamboid sutures, asymmetric flattening of one side of the skull

47
Q

cloverleaf skull

A

thanatophoric dwarfism FGFR3

48
Q

FGF Signal Transduction pathway involved which type of receptor?

A

Receptor Tyrosone Kinase: type 1 and type 2. Upon reception, type 2 phosphorylates type 1. Type 2 and type 1 are dimers respectively.

49
Q

Pfeiffer Syndrome

A

Mutation on FGFR1 and FGFR2

50
Q

Apert Syndrome

A

mutation in FGFR2

51
Q

Crouzon Syndrome

A

mutation in FGFR2

52
Q

Achondroplasia

A

mutation in FGFR3

Skull, Socket, Mandible Development (1 decks)

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