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RT 67 skull > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

The skull is composed of ___ separate bones and divided into 2 classifications (cranial and facial bones)

A

22 ( cranial, 14 facial bones)

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2
Q

How many bones does the cranium consists of?

A

8 cranial bones

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3
Q

The 8 cranial bones are dived further into the ____ & the ____.

A
  1. Calaveria ( aka: Vault)
    - Frontal
    - Occipital
    - Rt. & Lt .Parietal
  2. Floor ( aka: Base)
    - Ethmoid
    - Shenoid
    - Rt. & Lt. temporal
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4
Q

What is the purpose of the cranial bones?

A

Form a protective housing around the brain

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5
Q

Name the bones that make up the Calaveria of the cranium

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Occipital
  3. Rt. Parietal
  4. Left Parietal
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6
Q

Name the bones that make up the floor of the cranium

A
  1. Ethmoid
  2. Sphenoid
  3. Rt. Temporal
  4. Left Temporal
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7
Q

The cranial floor is divided into which regions?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Middle
  3. Posterior
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8
Q

What is the vertical portion of the frontal bone

A
  1. Frontal squama
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9
Q

The smooth region between the supercilliary arches is termed _____.

A

Glabella

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10
Q

Midpoint of the frontalnasal suture is termed _____.

A

Nasion

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11
Q

Small, cube shaped bone that consists of a horizontal plate, vertical plate and 2 light spongy lateral masses is termed______.

A

Ethmoid bone

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12
Q

What does the eithmoid bone articulate with?

A
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
  • Lacrimal
  • Maxilla
  • vomer
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13
Q

The ___ bones are square and have a convex external surface and a concave internal surface.

A

Parietal bones

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14
Q

_____ articulates with frontal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid and opposite side of the parietal bones of the cranium.

A

Parietal bone

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15
Q

the widest point of the head is the ?

A

Parietal eminence

Bulge of the parietal bone

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16
Q

____ is an irregular wedge shaped bone that resembles a bat.

A

Sphenoid bone

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17
Q

What does the sphenoid bone consists of?

A
  1. Body
  2. 2 lesser wings
  3. 2 greater wings
  4. 2 ptyergoid process
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18
Q

Deep depression of the sphenoid bone is teremd ____.

A

Sella turcica

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19
Q

_____ is situated at the posterioinferior part of the cranium

A

Occipital bone

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20
Q

What makes up the occipital bone?

A
  1. Squama
    2 (2) occiptial condyles
  2. Basilar portion
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21
Q

The _____ articulates with the (2 parietal bones, (2) temporal bones, sphenoid and the 1st cervical vertebrae.

A

Occiptial bone

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22
Q

What type of morphology is the standard or typical skull in which the width is between 75% & 80% of length?

A

Mesocephalic

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23
Q

Which morphology skull is described as short from front to back and broad from side to side
(width is 80% or more of length)

A

Brachycephalic ( pug)

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24
Q

which morphology skull is long from front to back, narrow from side to side and deep from vertex to base ( width is less than 75% of length)

A

Dolichocephalic

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25
Q

When does the skull ossify

A

in the late 2nd month of development

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26
Q

In the fetal skull , bones are seperated by unossified membranes termed _____.

why?

A

Fontanels to allow compression of the skull during delivery

  • is replaced with bone after the 1 st year
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27
Q

Which suture separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull

A

coronal suture

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28
Q

____ marks the junction of the 2 parietal bones

A

Sagittal suture

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29
Q

Which suture connects the parietal and temporal bones with occipital bones

A

Lambdodial suture

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30
Q

Which suture connects the temporal with the lower border of the parietal

A

Squamosal suture

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31
Q

the skull is part of the _____ skeleton

A

axial

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32
Q

What is the function of the skull

A
  • Encloses and protects the brain

* it is attachment for head and neck muscles

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33
Q

name all 8 of the cranial bones

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal (rt. & lt.)
  3. Occipital
  4. Temporal (rt. & lt. )
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Sphenoid
34
Q

What should be done for the pediatric patient when positioning for skull

A

Shield thyroid and thymus

35
Q

List the projections in a skull series

A 
1. PA
2 .PA Caldwell
3. RT & Lt Laterals
4. AP axail Towne
5. PA axial Haas
6. SMV (Submentovertex)
36
Q

What does SMV stand for?

A

Submentovertex

37
Q
  1. By 9 months the growth of the skull is _____ the adult size
  2. _____ by 2 years old.
  3. ____ adult size by 8-9 yrs. of age
A
  1. 1/2
  2. 3/4
  3. 100%
38
Q

the face enlarges between ____ to ____ years of age.

39
Q

What is the last bone in the calvaria and what is its function?

A
  1. Occipital bone

2. Houses the foramen magnum

40
Q

Why would your perform an PA axial projection with CR at 30 degress rather than 15 degress caudwell?

A

30 degrees to see rotundum foramina

41
Q

_____ is often referred to the reverse Caldwell

A

AP Axial skull

This is not the Towne’s method because the Townes has a 30 degree caudal angle and the AP axial skull only has 15 degree cephalad angle

42
Q

When the patient can not be positioned for a PA or PA axial projection , a similar but magnified image can be obtained with which projection?

A

AP projection

43
Q

PA Axial Haas radiograph is similar to AP axial (town) except?

A
  • Dorsum sellae appears larger within foramen magnum

* There is magnification of occipital bone

44
Q

Why is PA Axial Hass method performed ?

A

Done instead of AP Axial Townes for obesed patients who can not be adjusted for AP.

Done to see sellar structures in foramen magnum

45
Q

For SMV projection , what indicates full neck extension on the radiograph?

A
  • Mandibular condyles anterior to petrous ridges

* mental protruberance superimposed over anterior frontal lobe

46
Q

Name the 5 common positioning errors

A
  1. Rotation
  2. Tilt
  3. Excessive Flexion
  4. Excessive extension
  5. Incorrect CR angle
47
Q

The midline point at the junction of the upper lip and the nasal septum is called

48
Q

What does the ethmoid consists of?

A
  • Horizontal plate
  • Vertical plate
  • 2 light spongy mass= Labyrinths
49
Q

Horizontal portion of the ethmoid bone is called _____.

Vertical portion of eithmoid bone is called ______.

A
  1. Cribiform plate

2. Perpendicular plate

50
Q

Conical projection at anterior midline of cribiform plate is known as _____

A

Crista galli

51
Q

_____ contain ethmoid sinuses or air cells.

A

Labyrinths

52
Q

What does the sphenoid bone consists of?

A
  • Body
  • 2 lesser wings
  • 2 greater wings
  • 2 pterygoid processes
53
Q

deep depression on superior surface of sphenoid body is called ______

A

Sella turcica

houses pituitary gland

54
Q

____ houses pituitary gland

A

sella turcica of sphenoid

55
Q

____ is the posterior border of sella

A

Dorsum sellae

56
Q

____ is the slanted area of bone posterior and inferior to dorsum of the sphenoid

A

Clivus ( supports pons of the brain)

57
Q

___ supports pons of the brain

58
Q

What forms the posteromedial portion of orbital roofs

A

Lesser wings of sphenoid bone

59
Q

Lesser wings arise ___ of sphenoid body , where as greater wings arise from ____ of body

A
  1. anterior & superior

2. Sides

60
Q

_____ articulates with all of the 7 bones of the cranium and the zygoma

A

Sphenoid bone

61
Q

The petrous ridge is at the level of the ______.

A

Top of ear attachment (TEA)

62
Q

fractures of the skull that appear jagged or irregular line are known as _____.

A

Linear fractures

-Cause structural widening

63
Q

____ are sometimes called “Ping pong fractures”,

fractures causing a portion of skull to be depressed into the cranial cavity .

A

Depressed fractures

  • Usually found in children ( similar to green stick)
  • May require tangital projections
64
Q

Fracture located at the base of the skull is known as

A

Basal fracture (seen through temporal bone)

65
Q

The pterygoids articulate with ____ anterior and _____

A

Palatine bones

and Vomer

66
Q

What does an enlarged sella turcica indicate?

A

Pituitary adenoma

67
Q

1 or more bone tumors that originate in the bone marrow causing destruction of the bone

A

multiple myeloma

68
Q

Name 3 indications for cranial radiography

A
  1. Skull fractures
  2. Gun shot wounds
  3. Paget’s disease ( skull is a common site for this)
69
Q

Fracture of the floor of the orbit is known as?

70
Q

Fracture to one side of a structure caused by trauma to the other sideis known as

A

Contre-coup

71
Q

Bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxillae

72
Q

Fracture of the zygomatic arch, and orbital floor/ rim, & disclocation of the frontozygomatic structure is known as?

73
Q

____ is suggested by air fluid level in sphenoid sinus, bleeding from ear to ear or presence of CSF

A

Basal skull fracture

74
Q

Inflammation of mastoid antrum and air cells

A

mastoiditis

75
Q

inflammation of bone owing to a pyogenic infection

A

Osteomyelitis

76
Q

Increased density of atypically soft bone

A

Osteopetrosis

77
Q

loss of bone density

A

osteporosis

78
Q

Thick soft bone marked by bowing and fractures

A

Paget disease

79
Q

What is another name for Nuerological disorder known as Rochin-Douvneaud’s .

A

Superior orbital fissure

80
Q

Which projection are superior orbital fissure best seen?

A

PA axial, 20-25 degrees caudal

RT 67 skull (6 decks)

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