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Skull > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial bones

A

8

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2
Q

Cranial bones are divided into which 2 groups?

A

Calavaria and Floor

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3
Q

Bones of the cranial vault are composed of

A

Two plates of compact tissue separated by an inner layer of spongy tissue (diploe)

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4
Q

Bones of the cranium are formed by

A

Sutures

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5
Q

What are the sutures

A

Coronal, Sagittal, Squamosal, and Lambdoidal

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6
Q

Coronal Suture

A

Found between frontal and parietal bones

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7
Q

Sagittal Suture

A

Found at the top of the head between the two parietal bones

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8
Q

Junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures

A

Bregma

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9
Q

Squamosal Suture

A

Found between the temporal and parietal bones

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10
Q

Lambdoidal Suture

A

Found between the occipital and parietal bones

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11
Q

Lambda

A

Junction of the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures

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12
Q

Pterion

A

Junction of the parietal bone, Squamosal Suture, and greater wing of the sphenoid found on the lateral aspect of the skull

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13
Q

Asterion

A

Junction of the occipital bone, parietal bone, and mastoid portion of the temporal bone

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14
Q

Cranial floor is divided into three regions:

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae

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15
Q

The anterior cranial fossa extends from

A

The anterior frontal bone to the leader wings of the sphenoid

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16
Q

The middle cranial fossa accommodates

A

The temporal lobes and extends from the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone to the apices of petrous portions of the temporal bones

17
Q

The superior surface of the sphenoid bone presents

A

Deep depressions called the sella turcica, which contains the pituitary gland

18
Q

Mesocephalic

A

Average skull shape

19
Q

Bradycephalic Skull

A

Shorter and wider skull

20
Q

Doliochocephalic Skull

A

Long and narrow skull

21
Q

Lateral Position

A
  • Side of interest closest to the IR
  • MSP parallel to the plane of the IR
  • IOML perpendicular to the front edge of the IR but parallel with the long axis
  • Interpupillary line perpendicular to IR
22
Q

Where does the CR enter in a lateral?

A

Perpendicular, 2 inches above EAM.

23
Q

What does a lateral image show?

A

Superimposed halves of the cranium. The sella turcica (in profile), anterior clinoid processes, dorsum sellae, and posterior clinoid processes.

24
Q

How do you tell there’s no tilt or rotation in a lateral?

A

Superimposed orbital roofs and greater wings of the sphenoid, superimposed mastoids, EAM, and TMJ

25
Q

PA Projection

A
  • OML perpendicular to the IR

- MSP perpendicular

26
Q

Where does the CR enter for a PA?

A

Perpendicularly, directed to exit the nasion

27
Q

Where does the CR enter for Caldwell Method

A

Same as PA. Directed to exit nasion at an angle of 15 degrees caudad.

28
Q

To show the superior orbital fissures, what do you do with the CR in a PA?

A

Direct the CR through the midorbits at an angle of 20-25 degrees caudad.

29
Q

Where are the petrous portions in a PA projection with a perpendicular central ray?

A

Inside the orbits

30
Q

Where are the petrous portions in the Caldwell method?

A

Into the lower one third of the orbits

31
Q

What structures are seen on a PA?

A

Posterior ethmoidal air cells, crista galli, frontal bone, and frontal sinuses. Caldwell shows anterior ethmoidal air cells as well.

32
Q

AP Projection/AP Axial

A
  • MSP and OML perpendicular to the IR
  • CR perpendicular or directed at the nasion at an angle of 15 degrees cephalad.
  • Orbits are considerably magnified
33
Q

Towne Method (AP Axial)

A
  • MSP and OML perpendicular to IR

- IR’s upper margin at top of vertexg

34
Q

Townes CR (AP Axial)

A
  • Perpendicular to the foramen magnum at a caudal angle of 30 degrees to the OML or 37 to the IOML
  • Enters approximately 2 and a half inches above the glabella and passes through EAM
35
Q

AP Axial structures

A

Image of the petrous pyramids, the posterior portion of the foramen magnum, dorsum sellae and the posterior clinoid process projected within the foramen magnum

36
Q

PA Axial (Haas)

A
  • Used for demostrating sellar structures projected within foramen magnum on patients who cannot be adjusted accordingly for Townes (AP axial)
  • MSP and OML perpendicular to IR
37
Q

Haas CR

A

Directed at a cephalad angle of 25 degrees to the OML to enter 1 1/2 inches below the inion and exits 1 1/2 inches above the nasion

38
Q

Haas Structures

A

Shows the occipital region of the cranium and symmetrical petrous pyramids and the dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes within the foramen magnum

Skull (1 decks)

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