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ANTH 540 Skull > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Entire bony head, including the mandible

A

Skull

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2
Q

Bony head excluding the mandible

A

Cranium

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3
Q

Cranium without the face

A

Neurocranium or Calvarium

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4
Q

Calvarium without the base

A

Calotte

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5
Q

Bones of the brain case

A

Neurocranium or calvarium

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6
Q

Bones of the face, including mandible

A

Splanchnocranium

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7
Q

Accessory bones

A

Ear ossicles and hyoid

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8
Q

Irregular ossicles that occur along some sutures

A

Extrasutural (wormian) bones

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9
Q

Also called the squamae; comprised of frontal parietals, temporals, and occipital

A

Cranial vault or calva

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10
Q

Complex, perforated by many foramina that allow passage of nerves and blood vessels to and from the brain; site of muscle attachment for muscles of the jaw and neck, which produces bony projections and crests

A

Cranial base (basicranium)

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11
Q

Face bones

A

14 bones, are mostly thin plates of cortical bone

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12
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Sides and roof of the skull as well as facial skeleton

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13
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Cranial base (chondrocranium = cartilage cranium)

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14
Q

Combined ossification

A

Occipital, sphenoid, and temporal bones

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15
Q

Frontal bone

A

Unpaired, intramembranous ossification, neurocranium

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16
Q

Parietal bone

A

Paired, intramembranous ossification, neurocranium

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17
Q

Occipital bone

A

Single, combined ossification, neurocranium

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18
Q

Temporal bone

A

Paired, combined ossification, neurocranium

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19
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Single, combined ossification, neurocranium

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20
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Single, endochondral ossification, neurocranium

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21
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium

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22
Q

Maxilla

A

Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium

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23
Q

Nasal bone

A

Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium

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24
Q

Lacrimal bone

A

Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium

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25
Q

Vomer

A

Single, intrammebranous ossification, splanchnocranium

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26
Q

Inferior nasal concha

A

Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium

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27
Q

Palatine

A

Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium

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28
Q

Mandible

A

Single, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium

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29
Q

Coronal sutures

A

Connect the parietals to the frontal bone

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30
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Connects the parietals

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31
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

Connects the parietals to the occipital

32
Q

Squamous suture

A

Connects the temporal bones to the parietals

33
Q

Basilar suture

A

Connects the occipital to the sphenoid

34
Q

Optic canal

35
Q

Superior orbital fissure

36
Q

Inferior orbital fissure

A

Located between maxilla and sphenoid

37
Q

What 6 bones make up the orbital cavity?

A

Lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, maxilla, zygomatic *the palatine sometimes contributed a small portion to the orbital cavity

38
Q

What 3 elements make up the nasal septum

A

The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone above, the vomer below, and the septal cartilage anteriorly

39
Q

Lateral walls of nasal chambers

A

Conchae; inferior nasal concha is a separate bone, while the middle and superior nasal conchae are parts of the ethmoid bone

40
Q

Roof of the oral cavity

A

Hard palate

41
Q

Oral cavity

A

Hard palate, palatine processes of the right and left Maxillary bones, and the horizontal plates of the two palatine bonds

42
Q

Form the side walls of the oral cavity

A

Mandibular body and Rami

43
Q

Connect the mandible to the cranium at …. of the temporal bones

A

Mandibular condyles, mandibular (glenoid) fossae

44
Q

Fit up into the zygomatic arch

A

Coronoid processes

45
Q

Foramen magnum

46
Q

Condylar foramen

47
Q

Hypoglossal canal

48
Q

Jugular Foramen

A

Occipital and temporal

49
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

50
Q

Carotid canal

51
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Sphenoid, crescent of foramina

52
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Sphenoid, crescent of foramina

53
Q

Foremen rotundum

A

Sphenoid, crescent of foramina

54
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Sphenoid, crescent of foramina

55
Q

External auditory meatus

56
Q

Internal auditory meats

57
Q

Incisive foramen

58
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis muscle, masseter muscle, medial pterygoid muscle, lateral pterygoid muscle

59
Q

Temporalis muscle

A

Origin on side of neurocranium (limit marked by temporal line), insertion on coronoid process of mandible, functions to elevate the mandible (close mouth)

60
Q

Masseter Muscle

A

Origin on inferior surface of zygomatic arch, insertion on external ( lateral) aspect of mandibular ramus, functions to elevate the mandible (close mouth)

61
Q

Medial pterygoid muscle

A

Origin on medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate, insertion on internal (medial) aspect of mandibular ramus, function to elevate the mandible (close mouth)

62
Q

Lateral pterygoid muscle

A

Origin on lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate, insertion on internal (medial) aspect of condylar neck of mandible, functions to depress the mandible (open the mouth)

63
Q

Metopic suture

A

Combine frontal bones, fused in adults

64
Q

Bones of the Neurocranium

A

8 bones + 6 ear ossicles
Frontal (1)
Parietal (2)
Occipital (1)
Temporal (2)
Ear ossicles inside (6)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1)

65
Q

Bones of the Splanchnocranium

A

14 bones including +1 hyoid
Maxilla (2)
Palatine (2)
Vomer (1)
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Nasal (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Mandible (1)
Lacrimal (2)

66
Q

Temporal processes - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones

A

Forms upper surface of jaw joint (temporomandibular joint)
Joins zygomatic process of temporal bone posteriorly
Articulate with frontal, maxillae, ethmoid and inferior nasal conchae
Zygomatic arch - masseter muscle origin is along inferior border
Malar tubercle = anterior extent of masseter muscle origin

67
Q

Zygomatic processes - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones.

A

Thin anterior bony projection that forms the posterior half of the zygomatic arch
Articulates with zygomatic bone at anterior end
Masseter muscle inserts along inferior margin of zygomatic arch
Major elevator of the mandible (closes jaw)

68
Q

Mastoid processes - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones

A

Inferior projection of bone posterior to EAM
Roughened surface is muscle insertion site for: sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis and logissimus capitis
Act during extension, Flexion and rotation of head

69
Q

Styloid processes - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones

A

Thin, bony rod that projects anteroinferiorly from base of temporal bone
Often missing in lab specimens
Anchors stylohyoid ligament to the hyoid

70
Q

Greater wing processes - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones

A

Large lateral projections on weather side of the body
Form most of the cranial fossa
External aspect visible on neurocranium; posterior to maxilla, medial to zygomatic

71
Q

Lesser wings - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones

A

Small, thin projections on either side of the body
Located medial to the greater wings
Emanate from the superior surface of the body
Contribute to middle cranial fossa

72
Q

Medial pterygoid plates - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones

A

Thin, vertical, inferiorly-projecting plate
Articulates anteriorly with palatine bone
Pterygoid hamulus at the inferior tip presenting with a hook like process
Attachment site for Tensor veli palatini muscle - tense soft palate

73
Q

Lateral pterygoid plates - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones

A

Thin. Vertical, inferiority-projection plate
Parallel and lateral to medial pterygoid plate
Medial surface - attachment site for medial pterygoid muscle
Elevates mandible - closes jaw
Lateral surface - attachment site for lateral pterygoid muscles
Depresses mandible (opens mouth)

74
Q

Occipital condyles - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones

A

Located on either side of foramen magnum
Articulate with superior most vertebra (C1=Atlas)

75
Q

Inion cranial landmark

A

Intersection of superior nuchal lines in the external occipital protuberance

76
Q

External occipital protuberance - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones

A

Located along midline where occipital and nuchal planes intersect
Attachment site for the trapezius muscle

ANTH 540 Skull (1 decks)

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