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Aircraft Systems > Skript > Flashcards

Skript Flashcards

1
Q

Piston Engines:

fuel thermal energy

A

30% of fuel thermal energy converted into kinetic energy

rest left as thermal energy

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2
Q

Hydraulic System:

Advantages (7)

A
  • excellent power-weight ratio
  • high power transmission effiency
  • flexibility in installation
  • resistance to overload conditions
  • hight reliability
  • fast response
  • precise control & load control
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3
Q

Flight Control System:

Advantages Fly By Wire (10)

A
  • flight envelope protection
  • improved stability + handling Qualities
  • turbulence suppression + consequent decrease of fatigue loads + incr Pax comfort
  • possibility of using thrust vectoring to augment or replace lift aerodynamic control
  • drag reduction
  • higher stability
  • easier interfacing to auto-pilot
  • weight reduction
  • lower maintenance costs
  • reduction of pilot training costs
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4
Q

Pneumatic Systems:

Bleed air at high pressure used for (8)

A
  • air conditioning+cabin pressurisation
  • cargo compartment heating
  • ice protection
  • turbine engine starting
  • windscreen de-mist + rain disposal
  • pressurisation of hydraulic oil reservoirs, fuel tanks, water tanks
  • power generation by compressed air turbines
  • actuation
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5
Q

Ice Protection System:

  1. Clear ice
  2. rime ice
  3. mixed ice
A
  1. 0°C - -5°C supercooled, large droplets-> don’t freeze instantliy-> film freezes, clear and smooth
  2. below -12°C large droplets freeze -> ice cristals, freeze on impact, milky white, rought surface -> easier to remove
  3. -10°C supercooled droplets with snow/ice praticles -> freeze immediately, clear on stagnation, rime on edges
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6
Q

Instruments:

Errors (2)

A

Reproducibility Error: the more sensitive an instrument the bigger the chance that two measurements show different results, measurements inluenced by other factors (vibration, temp, …)
Systematic Error: nicht genullt beim Messen, also old instruments

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7
Q

Instruments:

  1. Precision:
  2. Accuracy:
A
  1. degree of agreement between repeated measurements -> low repoductibility error
  2. how close mean measured value to the truth value -> free of systematic errors (-> calibration)
    - —> see picture on “heft”
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8
Q 
Instruments:
Measurement Systems (3)
A
  • detector-transducer stage (performs mechanical/electrical transformation to convert signal)
  • intermediate stage (modifies signals by amplification, filtering, etc
  • final/terminating stage (acts to indicate, record or control the variable)
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9
Q

Instruments:

main categories of acft instruments (3)

A
  1. flight (airspeed indicator, altimeter)
  2. navigation (compass)
  3. systems (fuel, oil)
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10
Q

Energy Systems:

3

A
  1. warning systems
  2. protecting systems
  3. escape systems
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11
Q 
Energy Systems:
Waring Systems (2)
A
  • ionisation smoke detector: radioactive source, respond more quickly to flaming fires with smaller combustion praticles -> easier cause false alarm in presence of vapour
  • optical smoke detector: pulsing infrared LED, sensors detect smoke -> alarm, quick
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12
Q

An Aircraft divided in Systems

Which are informationally integrated (II) which are physical integrated (PI)

A
  1. structure (fuselage, wings, flaps, empennage, control surfaces) PI
  2. vehicle (landing gear, flight control, propulsion, fuel, hydraulics, electrics, etc) PI
  3. avionics (navigation, controls, displays, FMS, etc) II
  4. Mission (Sensors, computers, weapons, passive defence) II
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13
Q

An Aircraft divided in functions

A
  1. Core functions
  2. essential functions
  3. auxiliary functions
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14
Q

Definition System

A

A combination of parts, components, facilities, procedures, personnel, skills, etc that are connected in an organized way to perform one or more functions

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15
Q

Definition Function

A

Lowest level of a specific action of a system, equipment and flight crew performance on airplane

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16
Q

Definition Failure

A

Inability of a system, subsystem or component to perform a function as intended

17
Q

Definition Failure Condition

A

A condition resulting from one or more failures that affects the acft and its occupants, depending on the relevant operational and environmental conditions

18
Q

Inability to perform function (3)

A
  • not provided when required
  • incorrectly provided
  • provided when not required
19
Q
  1. Probable failure
  2. Remote failure
  3. Extremely remote failure
  4. Extremely impropable
A
  1. one or more times of lifetime of acft 10^-5 - 10^-3
  2. unlikely to occur on each airplane, may occur several times on all acfts of this type 10^-7 - 10^-5
  3. not anticipated to occur on each acft, but few times when considering all types 10^-9 - 10^-7
  4. unlikely to occur when considering all acfts of this type
20
Q

design concepts:

  1. safe life
  2. fail safe
  3. fault tolerant
A
  1. system or components will survive a specific design life with no failure
  2. a failure will cause no harm to other parts and systems or danger to personnel
  3. a system can continue operating in an event of the failure of one or more of its components
21
Q

Loads on aircraft (3)

A
  • Flight loads: loads on acft on steady flight + manouvering + gusts + engine
  • Ground loads: loads on ground (taxiing, take off roll, etc)
  • Pressurization Loads: Loads due to pressure difference between cabin and outside
22
Q

What is a stringer?

A

To make fuselage stiffer

Aircraft Systems (2 decks)

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