Skin - The integumentary system

Question 1

epidermis

Answer 1

the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.

Question 2

dermis

Answer 2

beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.

Question 3

deeper subcutaneous tissue

Answer 3

(hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue

Question 4

melanocytes

Answer 4

pigment melanin. Melanocytes are located in the epidermis.

Question 5

Composition of epidermis

Answer 5

keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. It is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. It does not have any blood vessels within it

Question 6

thin skin

Answer 6

Skin that has four layers of cells

Question 7

Thick skin

Answer 7

found only on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. It has a fifth layer, called the stratum lucidum, located between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum

Question 8

keratinocyte

Answer 8

is a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin.

Question 9

Keratin

Answer 9

is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties.

Question 10

slough away

Answer 10

being replaced by cells from the deeper layers

Question 11

basal layer

Answer 11

consists of cuboidal cells

Question 12

stratum basale

Answer 12

is the deepest epidermal layer and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis.

Question 13

dermal papilla

Answer 13

finger-like projection, or fold,found in the superficial portion of the dermis. Dermal papillae increase the strength of the connection between the epidermis and dermis; the greater the foldin

Question 14

stratum basale

Answer 14

is a single layer of cells primarily made of basal cells

Question 15

basal cel

Answer 15

cuboidal-shaped stem cell that is a precursor of the keratinocytes of the epidermis.

Question 16

Merkel cell

Answer 16

which functions as a receptor and is responsible for stimulating sensory nerves that the brain perceives as touch. These cells are especially abundant on the surfaces of the hands and feet.

Question 17

stratum spinosum

Answer 17

spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via a structure called adesmosome

Question 18

desmosome

Answer 18

desmosomes interlock with each other and strengthen the bond between the cells.

Question 19

Langerhans cell,

Answer 19

which functions as a macrophage by engulfing bacteria, foreign particles, and damaged cells that occur in this layer

Question 20

what is pus

Answer 20

deadleukocytesfrom the body’simmune response(mostlyneutrophils) and white blood cells

Question 21

Function of skin

Answer 21

barrier.

protection.

immunological.

secretion.

thermoregulation.

sensitivity.

absorption.

Question 22

types of fibres

Answer 22

Collagen
Elastin
Reticular

Question 23

Reticular

Answer 23

Reticular fibres to help disperse mechanical forces, which may be applied to the skin.

Question 24

Elastin

Answer 24

Elastin to allow the skin to stretch (though this can break when overstretched, for example, in pregnancy. This results in silvery lines known as stretch marks);

Question 25

Collagen

Answer 25

Collagen to provide strength

Question 26

Fibroblasts and tissue macrophages

Answer 26

are essential for wound healing

Question 27

tissue mast cells

Answer 27

produce histamine and heparin in response to foreign substances

Question 28

neutrophils and lymphocyte

Answer 28

Neutrophils provide the first line of defense of the innate immune system by phagocytosing, killing, and digesting bacteria and fungi. … The movement of compensating ions produces conditions in the vacuole conducive to microbial killing and digestion by enzymes released into the vacuole from the cytoplasmic granules.
lymphocyte is one type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells.

Question 29

Functions ofthe integumentary system

Answer 29

Covering. Deepertissues, protecting from dehydration injury and germ invasion.

Regulates.Body temperature.

Manufactures. Vitamin D.

Site. Nerve Endings (1 square inch contains 72 ft of nerves and 100s of receptors)

Storage. Fats, Glucose, Water, and Salts.

Screening. …

Absorbs.