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SKIN > skin physiololgy > Flashcards

skin physiololgy Flashcards

1
Q

skin functions

A

waterproof barrier
physical barrier
UV Barrier
immune organ

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2
Q

3 layers of skin

A

epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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3
Q

how does skin form a waterproof barrier

A

tight junctions between cells in stratum granulosum , epidermal lipids form an outside in and inside out barrier

prevents transepidermal water loss

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4
Q

function of the epidermis

A

water proofing
physical barrier
immune function
UV

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5
Q

Dermis function

A

thermoregulation
vitamin d synthesis
sensory organ

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6
Q

function of subcutis/ hypodermis layer

A

thermoregulation
energy reserve
vit d storage
endocrine organ

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7
Q

why does skin wrinkle when wet

A

mediated by sympathetic nervous system

due to vasoconstriction in dermis

improves grip

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8
Q

how does skin act as a physical barrier

A

to resist trauma

stratified epithelium helps resist abrasive forces

fat in subcutis acts as a shock absorber

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9
Q

how is the skin an endocrine organ

A

androgens act on follicles and sebaceous glands

thyroid hormones act on skin

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10
Q

how can UV a and UV b damage skin

A

burns
photo- aging
supress action of langerhans cells
DNA damage

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11
Q

what does skin colour depend on

A

melanin
carotenoids
oxy/ deoxyhaeomoglobin

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12
Q

where is melanin synthesised

A

melanosomes within melanocytes from tyrosine
From stratum granulosa
transported via dendrites

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13
Q

response to immediate pigment darkening process

A

photooxidation of existing melanin

redistribution of melanosomes

occurs within minutes and lasts hours-days.

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14
Q

how does skin acts as a barrier to infection

A

large sa to environment

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15
Q

skin as an immune organ

A

Epidermis:
Langerhans cells- antigen presenting cells

Dermis
Regulatory T cells
Natural killer cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Mast cells
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16
Q

epidermis as a immune factor

A

Epidermis
Keratinocytes secrete cytokines and chemokines that maintain populations of leucocytes in skin

Langerhans cells are antigen-presenting cells and secrete cytokines

17
Q

what does the skin do when challenged

A

LC migrate to dermis and lymph nodes and activate a T-cell response
Keratinocytes proliferate & secrete cytokines
Leucocytes enter skin from blood

18
Q

how does skin help to regulate blood flow

A

insulation- subcutaneous fat

heat loss

eccrine sweating

19
Q

what is produced from the breakdown of filagrin

A

NMF- natural moisturising factor which is acidic

20
Q

how does skin shed

A

breakdown of corneodesmosomes that link the skin together

21
Q

what switches off proteases

A

low ph

22
Q

5 layers of the epidermis?

A 
Stratum corneum 
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinulosum
Stratum basale
23
Q

what does the corneum contain

A

dead keratanised cells

24
Q

what does the lucidum contain

A

dead cells containing keratohyalin

25
Q

what constitutes the healthy skin barrier

A

filaggrin produces NMF
corneocytes fill with NMF
NMF also contains acidic environments
desquamation- mature corneocytes shed from surface of striatum corneum

26
Q

how does the brick wall model work?

A

lipid lamellae- keeps water inside the cells
irritants bounce off the cells

stratum corneum- prevents water loss

vit d - anti- microbial peptides for defending skin

27
Q

3 signs of skin inflammation

A

red skin
itchy skin
dry skin

28
Q

why does inflamed skin go red

A

lymphocyte activity causes dilation of blood vessels

29
Q

why does inflamed skin go itchy

A

stimulation of nerves

30
Q

why does inflammed skin go dry

A

skin cells leaking, no h20

31
Q

normal skin ph

A

5.5

32
Q

consequences of skin ph being too high

A

lack of nmf
breakdown of skin barrier
increase risk of infection

33
Q

steps that cause acne

A

hypercornification of stratum corneum
increase sebum produced
sebum trapped in follices
gets trapped no o2 perfect for bacterial growth
bacteria breaks down trigylcerides , causes irritation, forms pus

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