Skin Pathology

Question 1

Most common type of oral cavity carcinoma

Answer 1

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

Most important risk factors for oral cavity carcinoma

Answer 2

Tobacco + alcohol
HPV 16+18
Infection
Red meat + chilli

Question 3

Most important risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma

Answer 3

Tobacco + alcohol
HPV 6+11
Industry worker
Laryngeal reflux
Genetics

Question 4

What is Lichen planus?

Answer 4

T-cell mediated immune response. Can be pre-cancerous

Question 5

What type of lesions are displayed in lichen planus?

Answer 5

Cutaneous: purple papules forming plaques with Wickham’s striae
Oral: erosive, ulcerative, desquamative gingivitis

Question 6

What precedes sinusitis

Answer 6

Rhinitis

Question 7

What can a periodical tooth infection cause

Answer 7

Maxillary sinusitis

Question 8

What is spoingiosis change seen in dermatitis

Answer 8

Intercellular oedema within epidermis

Question 9

What is the Ausptiz sign

Answer 9

Psoriasis. Bleeding patches where silver scale has been ripped off

Question 10

Gene associated with psoriasis

Answer 10

PRSORS - located on MHC 6p2

Question 11

What condition is butterfly rash associated with?

Answer 11

SLE

Question 12

Key symptoms of dermatomyositis

Answer 12

Peri-ocular oedema and erythema = hellicotropic rash.

Myositis: proximal muscle weakness.

Question 13

What can dematomysositis indicate?

Answer 13

Underlying visceral cancer

Question 14

Pemphigus bullous

Answer 14

Intra-epidermal. Easily ruptured.

Question 15

Pemphigoid bullous

Answer 15

Sub-epidermal blisters. Elderly. Not easily ruptured.

Question 16

Which type of skin cancer is most common

Answer 16

Basal cell carcinoma. However mets are rare

Question 17

Where does squamous skin cell carcinoma occur

Answer 17

Sun-exposed sites

Question 18

Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 18

Sun exposure, radiotherapy, hydrocarbon exposure, BRAF inhibitors

Question 19

Pre-malignant condition for SCC?

Answer 19

Actinic keratosis: squamous dysplasia

Question 20

What is atypical mole syndrome?

Answer 20

Familes with increased melanoma, multiple atypical moles, dysplastic naevi

Question 21

Features of melanoma which make it malignant

Answer 21

Uneven borders, asymmetrical, colour variation.

Question 22

Melanoma risk factors

Answer 22

Sun exposure
Fair skin, red hair, blue eyes
FHx
Giant congenital nave

Question 23

Lentigo maligna

Answer 23

Facial
Elderly
Slow growing, flat pigmented patch

Question 24

Acral lentiginous melanoma

Answer 24

Palms / soles / nails

Afro-Carribbeans

Question 25

Superficial spreading melanoma

Answer 25

Flat macule –> blue/black nodule

BRAF mutation

Question 26

Nodular melanoma

Answer 26

Pigmented nodule ± ulceration

Poor prognosis

Question 27

Melanoma prognostic factors

Answer 27

Breslow thickness
Site - BANS
Ulceration
Satellites: cutaneous depostis
Sentinel node: Lymph node which drains from melanoma first. Removed if identified.

Question 28

Melanoma treatment

Answer 28

Surgical excision of tumour ± nodes

BRAF inhibitors for 60% with BRAF mutation

Question 29

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Answer 29

Itchy blisters on extensor surfaces
Young, associated with coealiac
IgA deposits in dermal papillae