Skin Pathology Flashcards
Most common type of oral cavity carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most important risk factors for oral cavity carcinoma
Tobacco + alcohol
HPV 16+18
Infection
Red meat + chilli
Most important risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma
Tobacco + alcohol HPV 6+11 Industry worker Laryngeal reflux Genetics
What is Lichen planus?
T-cell mediated immune response. Can be pre-cancerous
What type of lesions are displayed in lichen planus?
Cutaneous: purple papules forming plaques with Wickham’s striae
Oral: erosive, ulcerative, desquamative gingivitis
What precedes sinusitis
Rhinitis
What can a periodical tooth infection cause
Maxillary sinusitis
What is spoingiosis change seen in dermatitis
Intercellular oedema within epidermis
What is the Ausptiz sign
Psoriasis. Bleeding patches where silver scale has been ripped off
Gene associated with psoriasis
PRSORS - located on MHC 6p2
What condition is butterfly rash associated with?
SLE
Key symptoms of dermatomyositis
Peri-ocular oedema and erythema = hellicotropic rash.
Myositis: proximal muscle weakness.
What can dematomysositis indicate?
Underlying visceral cancer
Pemphigus bullous
Intra-epidermal. Easily ruptured.
Pemphigoid bullous
Sub-epidermal blisters. Elderly. Not easily ruptured.
Which type of skin cancer is most common
Basal cell carcinoma. However mets are rare
Where does squamous skin cell carcinoma occur
Sun-exposed sites
Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma
Sun exposure, radiotherapy, hydrocarbon exposure, BRAF inhibitors
Pre-malignant condition for SCC?
Actinic keratosis: squamous dysplasia
What is atypical mole syndrome?
Familes with increased melanoma, multiple atypical moles, dysplastic naevi
Features of melanoma which make it malignant
Uneven borders, asymmetrical, colour variation.
Melanoma risk factors
Sun exposure
Fair skin, red hair, blue eyes
FHx
Giant congenital nave
Lentigo maligna
Facial
Elderly
Slow growing, flat pigmented patch
Acral lentiginous melanoma
Palms / soles / nails
Afro-Carribbeans
Superficial spreading melanoma
Flat macule –> blue/black nodule
BRAF mutation
Nodular melanoma
Pigmented nodule ± ulceration
Poor prognosis
Melanoma prognostic factors
Breslow thickness Site - BANS Ulceration Satellites: cutaneous depostis Sentinel node: Lymph node which drains from melanoma first. Removed if identified.
Melanoma treatment
Surgical excision of tumour ± nodes
BRAF inhibitors for 60% with BRAF mutation
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Itchy blisters on extensor surfaces
Young, associated with coealiac
IgA deposits in dermal papillae
