Skin Muscle Bone Infections Flashcards
What type of fever presents with Roseola?
Febrile seizures
What are the clinical features of Roseola? (4)
- Pink rosey rash that has a white halo (flower).
- usually starts neck and trunk; spreads to extremities & face
- high fever
- Short lived
What is the human herpes virus (HHV6)?
- herpes family
- stems from roseola infantum
- dsDNA; enveloped
Where does HHV6 replicate in human host?
- Salivary glands and leukocytes
- CNS invasion in infants can cause seizures
What other disease does Roseola look like?
Measles; hence called morbilliform
How is HHV6 transmitted?
Via secretions
How does Hand, foot, mouth disease present?
macular, maculopapular or vesicular rash on hands, feet, mouth.
What disease is associated with HHV6?
Roseola Infantum
What virus is associated with HFMD?
Picornaviridae (Enterovirus genus)
What is the classification of the picornaviridae?
+ssRNA unenveloped in a icosahedral capsid
How is the picornaviridae transmitted?
Oral ingestion; also respiratory
Where does the picovirus replicate?
GIT
After replication where does picovirus spread to?
-lymph nodes
-skin; manifests as HFMD
What are the most common etiological agents for HFMD?
Coxsackievirus A16/A6 and Enterovirus 71
Who is the most likely group to aquire HFMD?
College students; under 10 yo kids
What time of year is HFMD most common?
spring summer fall
What virus causes herpangina?
Picornaviridae with Coxsackievirus A serotype
What time of year is herpangina most common?
summer
What are clinical signs of herpangina?
- Acute fever onset
- Greyish white vesicles sitting on erythematous base
- on soft palate; anterior tonsillar pillars
What are the clinical signs of warts (HPV)?
-crusty/ cauliflower like
- single or multiple
- distinct edges
What is the classification of papillomaviridae?
dsDNA nonenveloped
Two most common types of warts (HPV)?
Verrucae vulgaris and Verrucae plantaris
Are the HPV warts malignant or bengin?
Benign; immune system clears on its own
Are all cutaneous warts the same from HPV?
No different genotypes equates to different wart types. There is a difference between cutaneous warts and anogenital warts
How is HPV transmitted?
STI
What are the HPV strains associated with cervical cancer?
types 16 and 18
What types of HPV strains are associated with genital warts?
6 and 11
What family does the Molluscum contagiosum virus belong to?
Poxviridae ->dsDNA enveloped
how are molluscum transmitted?
person to person via fomites and Sexually transmitted
What is the age range for molluscum?
1-11 yo
How do molluscum present clinically?
- 1-5 mm in diameter
- dome-shaped with dimple in center
- pearly
-Adults get it typically in the genital region
How does Kaposi sarcoma present?
- painless, purple cutaneous lesion
- skin, oral mucosa, lymph nodes, and visceral organs
- spindle cell tumor -> angiogenesis, proliferation, inflam
What family of virus does kaposi sarcoma belong too?
Herpes family (HHV8)
how is kaposi sarcoma (HHV8) transmitted?
via saliva
what is kaposi sarcoma virus related too?
Aids- related illness
What family does Epstein Barr Virus belong too?
Herpes family
What is another name for EBV?
Papular Acrodermatitis
How is EBV transmitted?
body fluids or saliva
How would you describe the EBV rash?
erythematous papular exanthems on extremities, buttock and face
- itchy or non itchy
- red to purple
- lymphadenopathy
What age groups does EBV occur?
3 months -15 but high incidence in 2-6 yo
What family does Mpox belong to?
Poxviridae
How does Mpox present?
hands, feet, chest, face, mouth, genitals with fever, chills, swollen nodes, and headache
how is Mpox transmitted
Animal to human sexual transmission
Herpes Simplex Virus belongs to which family/
Herpes family, dsDNA enveloped
What is a common trait among the herpes family?
latent; non-replicating infections
Where does HSV1 and HSV2 lie dormant?
DRG
What is the viral thymidine kinase do?
Helps in viral DNA synthesis,
What is the transmission of HSV?
via mucosa or skin
What is the Clinical presentation of HSV 1?
- Herpes Labialis
- Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
- Herpetic keratitis
What are the clinical presentation of Measles?
prodromal C’s
- cough
- coryza (cold)
- conjunctivitis with photophobia
- kopliks spots
- fever
- Maculopapular rash comes in the rash phase
How does the measles rash start in the rash phase?
maculopapular rash starts at the hairline then sides of neck and behind ears, down to trunk then extremities to include palms and soles
What is a complication of measles?
suppression of immune system to include pneumonia
What virus family does measles belong to?
Rubeola virus in the paramyxoviridae family -> ssRNA-; enveloped
What are the two proteins located on paramyoxviridae virus?
F for fusion and H for hemagglutinin
How is measles transmitted?
respiratory; highly infectious
What is age group for measles?
under 2 yo
How do we prevent measles?
Live attenuated virus -> two doses of MMR or MMRV
What cells does measles infect?
endothelial cells and T cells
What causes the rash in measles?
Cytotoxic T cells damage the infected endothelial cells
in Tcells infects Cd150+
What is clinical presentation of erythema infectiosum?
- asymptomatic or
- low fever
- slapped cheeks look (red)
- joint pain in women
What virus is erythema infectiosum apart of ?
parvoviridae B19 -> ssDNA unenveloped -> icosahedral
What is common age for erythema infectosium
school age kids 4-10
What is the pathogenesis of parvovirus B19?
- Replicates in erythoid cells (RBC stem cells)
- reduces reticulocytes (precursor to RBC)
- this infection can reduce RBC and affect people who are anemic.
How is parvovirus B19 spread?
respiratory
