Skin Lesions Flashcards
what is squamous cell carcinoma
carcinoma arising from epidermal cells
what are the most common sites of squamous cell carcinoma
head, neck, and hands
what are the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma
sun exposure, pale skin, chronic inflammatory process, immunosuppression, xeroderma pigmentosum, arsenic
what is a precursor skin lesion for squamous cell carcinoma
actinic keratosis
what are the signs/symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma
raised, slightly pigmented skin lesion
ulceration/exudate
chronic scab
itching
what is the treatment for squamous cell carcinoma
- small lesion (<1cm): excise with 0.5cm margin
- large lesion (>1cm): resect with 1-2cm margins of normal tissue
what is the dreaded sign of metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma
palpable lymph nodes
what is Marjolin’s ulcer
squamous cell carcinoma that arises in an area of chronic inflammation
what is the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma
excellent if totally excised
what is the treatment for solitary metastasis
surgical resection
what is basal cell carcinoma
carcinoma arising int he germinating basal cell layer of epithelial cells
what are the risk factors for basal cell carcinoma
sun exposure, fair skin, radiation, chronic dermatitis, xeroderma pigmentosum
what are the signs/symptoms of basal cell carcinoma
slow-growing skin mass (chronic, scaly)
scab
ulceration with or without pigmentation, often described as ‘pearl-like’
what is the treatment of basal cell carcinoma
resection with 5mm margins
what are the risk of metastasis
very low
what is melanoma
neoplastic disorder produced by malignant transformation of the melanocyte
- melanocytes are derived from neural crest cells
what are the four major histologic types of melanoma
superficial spreading
lentigo maligna
acral lentiginous
nodular
what is superficial spreading melanoma
occurs in both sun-exposed and non sun-exposed areas
- most common
what is lentigo maligna melanoma
malignant cells that are superficial, found usually in elderly patients on the head or neck
- called Hutchinson’s freckle if noninvasive
- least aggressive type, very good prognosis
what is acral lentiginous melanoma
occurs on palms, soles, sublingual areas
what is nodular melanoma
vertical growth predominates
lesions are usually dark
most aggressive type
surgical margin for melanoma in situ
0.5cm
surgical margin for <1mm thick melanoma
1cm margin
surgical margin for 1-4mm thick melanoma
2cm margin
surgical margin for >4mm thick melanoma
3cm margin
treatment for digital melanoma
amputation
treatment for palpable LN metastasis in melanoma
lymphadenectomy
