Skin Lesions Flashcards
PRIMARY LESIONS
o Macule o Patch o Papule o Plaque o Pustule o Vesicle o Bulla o Nodule o Cyst, Tumor
SECONDARY LESIONS
o Scale o Crust o Excoriation o Fissure o Erosion o Ulcer o Lichenification o Atrophy o Telangiectasia
Macule
Spot, 1cm circumscribed, not palpabe, not elevated, hypo/hyper pigmented, erythematous
Cafe au lait spot, Mongolian spots
papule
A bump, palpable, elevated, 5mm in diameter, maybe pigmented/erythematous/flesh-toned
Elevated nevus (mole)
Nodule
lesion similar to papule, diameter- 5mm to 2cm may have significant palpable dermal component,
Ex: fibroma, xanthoma, intradermal nevi
TUmor
any mass/lesion larger than lesion larger than nodule, malignant or benign
Wheal
An elevation in the skin, smooth muscle, sloping borders, light pink, acute edema may appear and disappear in hours. 3mm to 20cm
Mosquito bite
Vesicle
A small blister (upto 5 mm) fluid collection maybe subcorneal, intraepidermal, subepidermal. HSV
Bulla
blister larger than 5mm at various levels
Pemphigus, pemphigoid
Pustule
al elevated well-circumscribed lesion with purulent exudate- Acne vulgaris
BURROW
Linear lesion produced by infestation by the
parasites of the skin and formation of tunnels
TELANGIECTASIA
▪ Blanchable dilated blood vessels
▪ Is the permanent dilatation of superficial blood
vessels in the skin and may occur as isolated
phenomena or as a part of a generalized
disorder, such as ataxia-telangiectasia.
Icthiyosis Vulgaris
Fish like scales on back of legs
TINEA VERSICOLOR (FINE SCALING)
▪ These are also different types of scales Fine
scaling for Tinea Versicolor which is a fungal
infection. Sometimes it’s also called Pityriasis
Versicolor.
▪ Sometimes it can be hypopigmented meaning
its white color! Or Hyperpigmented it can be
brown, especially on white people.
▪ So again they are topped with very fine
scales.
SCALING IN SHEETS (DESQUAMATION)
▪ Scarlet fever (hands and feet)
STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME
Scaling can also be appreciated in the staphylococcal
scalded skink syndrome, there is the pealing of the skin
because of the excess toxins produced by the bacteria
which is staphylococcal.
CRUST
Dried exudate of body fluids (Blood: Hemorrhagic
crust/Serous fluid: Yellow crust)
▪ Which might be either yellow/red
Tinea capitis- (Crust)
fungal infection
Impetigo-
bacterial infection (Eg: S. aureus golden-yellow crust very common among children
and seen under the nose or around the periorbital
area)
EROSION
▪ A focal loss of epidermis
▪ Erosions do not penetrate below the dermoepidermal
junction and therefore heal without scarring
▪ Eg:-tinea pedis, candidiasis, eczematous disease,
herpes simplex
ULCER
▪ A focal loss of epidermis and/or dermis
▪ Scarring depends on the depth of the ulcer
▪ Eg: chancroid, pyoderma gangrenosum,
decubitus
FISSURE
▪ It is linear loss of continuity of skin due to
excessive tension, also goes down to the dermis.
▪ Eg:
o eczema (fingertips)
o intertrigo
SCAR
▪ It is replacement of normal skin by fibrous tissue in the process of healing of damaged skin ▪ Scars are of two types- hypertrophic skin and atrophic ▪ Eg: o acne o keloid o herpes zoster Burn
. ATROPHY
▪ It is reduction in size and number of skin cells
▪ It may be limited to epidermis, dermis, or
subcutaneous tissue.
▪ Eg: -leprosy, atrophoderma, lipoatrophy
LICHENIFICATION
▪ Repeated rubbing of skin results in thickening
and hyperpigmentation of skin
▪ The skin markings become prominent
▪ Eg:- Lichen simplex chronicus, Atopic dermatitis
(Skin asthma)
