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Anatomy And Physiology > Skin Lecture > Flashcards

Skin Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 components of integumentary system?

A

-skin
-hair
-nails
-nerves
-glands

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2
Q

What does the retention of fluids facilitate?

A

Regulation of body temperature

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3
Q

What occurs when body temperature rises?

A

The sweat gland in skin produces sweat, causing evaporation rescues body temperature

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4
Q

What occurs when body temperature falls?

A

Sweat glands constrict and sweat production decreases

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5
Q

What does the integumentary system store and why?

A

Water to prevent dehydration

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6
Q

What does the skin do to act as a physical barrier?

A

Protecting the internal organs

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7
Q

What are merkel cells?

A

-specialist cells found in digits, lipids , oral cavity and hair fallices

-keratinocytes when deformed stimulate Merkel cells to secrete chemicals that generate an action potential in local neurons

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8
Q

What is the excretion of waste products by skin ?

A

Sweat glands eliminate waste from the system by secreting excess water, salts and urea which is a by-product of protein catabolism

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9
Q

Name 3 components of integumentary system; skin

A

(1) largest organ in the body

(2) forms a continuous layer with the mucous membranes and this continuous tissue covers all body surfaces

(3) contains specialised cells that are involved in touch, infection UV protection etc

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10
Q

Name 3 major layers that make up the skin;

A

1- epidermis
2- dermis
3- subcutaneous adipose layer

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11
Q

Describe the epidermis;

A
  • most successful layer of the skin-outermost layer

-made up of epithelial tissue

-contains specialised epithelial cells which are organised in a very layered structure

-these cells make up a successful barrier

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12
Q

What are 4 layers of the epidermis layer?

A
  • granular layer
  • basal layer

-specialised cells are coneccytes

-squamous epithelial tissue

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13
Q

Explain the granular layer ?

A

The cell contains granules of melanin and protective product to increase the skins barrier function and protect from UV

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14
Q

Describe the basal layer?

A

Column like the epithelia cells, regular in size and shape, attached to basement membrane

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15
Q

Describe specialised cells called coneccytes

A

Filled with keratin and have no nucleus, stops water loss from inside and penetration of water from outside

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16
Q

Describe squamous epithelial tissue

A

The he cells are flat and the organisation is irregular

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17
Q

What type of cells are melanocytes?

A

A pigment synthesising cells

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18
Q

What are melanocytes responsible for?

A

Responsible for the production of melanin and it’s transportation to keratinocytes

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19
Q

What are larger melanasome contain?

A

Contain more pigmented are found in heavily pigmented skin

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20
Q

What are langerhans cells?

A

An immune system cell involved in T cell responses

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21
Q

Where are langerhan cells located?

A

Found in the squamous and granular layers of the epidermis

22
Q

What occurs during skin infections in langerhan cells?

A

The cells help to act as first responders to invading pathogens

23
Q

What is the dermis and what does it contain?

A

The dermis is the deeper layer of the skin,

Contains extra cellular matrix which contains collagen

24
Q

What does the dermis provide?

A
  • provides tensile strength / elasticity

-contains fibroids,filaments and amorphous connective tissue

25
Q

What two layers are the dermis decided into?

A

-papillary dermis

-reticular dermis

26
Q

Describe papillary dermis;

A

-uppermost layer, contains loosely arranged collagen fibres,

-papillae (finger like projections) extend towards the epidermis contain capillaries

27
Q

Describe the reticular dermis;

A
  • lower layer, consists of dense connective tissue- densely packed collagen and elastic fibres

-contains roots of hairs, sweat glands and sebacceous glands

28
Q

Describe the dermal fibroblast

A

Responsible for production of important matrix proteins such as fibrillion, elastic and collagen

29
Q

What is the dermal fibroblasts involved in ?

A

Wound healing and generating connections tissue

30
Q

What is connecting tissue generated by?

A

Dermal fibroblasts supports the adhesion of the epidermis

31
Q

What are some functions of subcutaneous adipose tissue?

A
  • helps with thermoregulaion
  • stores energy for use when necessary

-contractions a fat cell called an adipose

-controls some hormones

32
Q

Outline 6 reduced function of aging skin

A
  • wound healing response slower/reduced

-reduced collagen I

-reduced collagen overall

-loss of elasticity-reduced fibrillian and collagen type II

-reduced of epidermal hylauronic acid

33
Q

Outline 4 theories of aging skin;

A

-oxidative stress
-mitochondrial dysfunction
-cellular senescence
-UV radiation

34
Q

What is trans epidermal water loss?

A

-through the epidermis and evaporation from surface of the skin

-causes dry skin which has cosmetic implications

35
Q

Outline some main functions of moisturiser

A
  • can have anti-inflammatory properties

-can stop skin itching

-increase the water content of the stratum corneum

-cosmetically-hydration smooths skin surface by increasing moisture content of skin ridges

36
Q

Outline the 4 stages of wound healing

A

1- Hemostasis
2-inflammatory
3-proliferation
4-remodelling

37
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Blood clots form and bleeding is haltered

38
Q

What is inflammatory in wound healing?

A

Infiltration by macrophages/langerhans be to the wound show to fight off any bacteria and fibroblasts to produce extracellular matrix to close wound

39
Q

What is the function of proliferation of wound healing?

A

Fibroblasts proliferate and epithelial cells start to cover the wounds

40
Q

Outline remodelling in wound healing

A

The cells of the dermis and epidermis re-organise to reduce scarring

41
Q

Outline the first degree burn

A

Only affects the epidermis (top layer)

Red + painful

Dry + no blisters

42
Q

Outline the second degree burn

A

Affect epidermis and some dermis,

Blisters + redness

Swollen and painful

43
Q

Outline the third degree burn

A

Destroy epidemics, the dermis may go to underlying subcutaneous tissue

Burn site may look white and charred and blackened

44
Q

Describe the fourth degree burn

A

Involved both layers of skin and subcutaneous tissue

Can also involve muscle and bone

45
Q

Outline 5 types psoriasis;

A

Plaque

Scalp

Gurrate

Pustular

Nail

46
Q

What is plaque within paoriasis

A

Most common form

Patients have raised red plaques on surface of the skin

Can be itchy and painful

47
Q

What is scalp within paoriasis

A

Causes extreme dandruff,

Can cause hair thinning and severe itching

48
Q

What is guttate within paoriasis

A

Spots of psoriasis commonly linked to a post infection response

49
Q

What is pustular within paoriasis

A

Can be generalised or specific to palms and soles of feet and causes yellow headed pustules

50
Q

What happens the nails within paoriasis

A

Thickening and crumbling of nails

Anatomy And Physiology (21 decks)

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