SKIN INTEGRITY

Question 1

TISSUES WHICH EPIDERMIS IS MADE OF

Answer 1

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

does epidermis have blood vessels

Answer 2

no

Question 3

how many layers are there in epidermis

Answer 3

5

Question 4

which are the 5 layers of epidermis

Answer 4

> stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

Question 5

where is the layer of dead cellls is found in epidermis

Answer 5

stratum lucidum

Question 6

physical features of dermis

Answer 6

> highly elastic
tough
flexible tissue

Question 7

what are the cells included in dermis

Answer 7

Fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages

Question 8

other name for hypodermis

Answer 8

subcutaneous layer

Question 9

which is the Main structural support for the skin and provides insulation and shock absorption

Answer 9

hypodermis

Question 10

is subcutaneous layer thicker than dermis

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

what is hypodermis consisted of?

Answer 11

fat and connective tissue

Question 12

what can be seen in subcutaneous layer

Answer 12

Ducts of sweat glands
Base of hair follicles

Question 13

what are the functions of skin

Answer 13

Protection
Excretion
Sensory perception
Thermoregulation
Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 14

explain protection by skins?

Answer 14

Waterproof barrier
Protect underlying organs and structures- keep your insides in and keeps the outside out
Provides an external barrier to bacteria and also has cells involved in the immune response
Protection from mechanical stresses and strains such as pressure and friction
Protect from mild radiation UVA and UVB rays

Question 15

explain excretion by skin?

Answer 15

Remove waste products. Veins and lymphatic vessels in the skin remove waste and excess fluid
Small amounts of carbon dioxide are exchanged through the skin
Minor excretory route for urea, sodium chloride and aromatic substances e.g garlic

Question 16

largest sensory organ

Answer 16

skin

Question 17

explain sensory perception by skin

Answer 17

Largest sensory organ of the body
Nerve receptors found throughout the whole organ but are concentrated in areas such as lips and fingertips.
Feel temperature, touch, pressure and pain
Skin contains about 1 million nerve fibres. The information they give allow for a response both as a reflex and as conscious action

Question 18

explain thermoregulation by skin

Answer 18

Thermoreceptors in the skin can detect small changes in body temperature. Dependant upon whether we are too hot or too cold will dictate whether there is vasoconstriction to conserve heat or vasodilation and sweating to reduce temperature

Question 19

Synthesis of vitamin D by skin

Answer 19

UV light from the sun is converted to Vit D which is vital to the regulation of Calcium and therefore bone health.
If dietary intake of Vit D is sufficient the skin plays a lesser role

Question 20

name other functions of skin

Answer 20

absorb substances
communication

Question 21

why is it said that it is important to keep skin in good condition

Answer 21

Any breaks in
the skin surface
will allow
bacteria,
yeasts,
fungi can get in

Question 22

reccommended pH level soap

Answer 22

pH4 to 5.5

Question 23

name some common skin considerations

Answer 23

Very dry skin
Hyperkeratosis
Eczema
Psoriasis
Dermatitis

Question 24

which are the possible causes of altered skin integrity 9

Answer 24

Disease - e.g eczema, psoriasis, epidermolysis bullosa
Underlying disease – e.g leg ulcers from peripheral vascular disease, diabetic foot ulcers
Allergic reactions
Drugs – either due to the drug action on skin e.g steroids or a drug reaction
Trauma – friction, skin tears, grazes,
lacerations, insect/animal bites
Surgery
Burns/scolds
Pressure and shear
Excessive, untreated moisture

Question 25

whats wound healing

Answer 25

The process by which
tissues damaged or
destroyed by injury or
disease are restored to
normal function