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Dermatology > Skin Infections and Infestations > Flashcards

Skin Infections and Infestations Flashcards

1
Q

Define infection

A

The pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

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2
Q

Give some aerobic cocci that live on the skin

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus aureus

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3
Q

What is a common test that lives on the skin?

A

Malassezia furfur

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4
Q

What are some clinical signs of infection?

A 
Erythema
Hot
Tender
Pus
Exudate
Fever
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5
Q

What are some initial tests for skin manifestations?

A

Skin swabs for microscopy
Cultures
Sensitivity

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6
Q

What further tests can be done for skin conditions if clinically indicated?

A 
FBC
ESR
U&Es
LFTs
Serum calcium
CRP
Skin biopsy
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7
Q

Is atopic eczema generally hot or tender?

A

No

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8
Q

Are there generally any systemic symptoms associated with atopic eczema?

A

No

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9
Q

Is atopic eczema generally exudative?

A

No

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10
Q

What is impetigo?

A

A superficial bacterial skin infection that is the most common of its kind in children

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11
Q

What are the two possible causative agents of impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

Strep pyogenes

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12
Q

What is the treatment for localised impetigo?

A

Preferably Mupirocin 2% cream 3 times daily for 5 days if it MRSA, or Fusidic acid 2% cream 3-4 times for 5 days

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13
Q

What is the treatment for widespread severe/bullous impetigo?

A

Flucloxacillin 500mg oral four times daily for 7 days

Erythromycin 500mg oral four times a day for 7 days

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14
Q

What is the clinical challenge of cellulitis and erysipelas?

A

The two are very difficult to differentiate clinically, but this rarely has an impact on treatment

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15
Q

What is often true of patients with cellulitis or erysipelas?

A

They are often very systemically unwell and may have fever or rigor

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16
Q

What are the two likely causative organisms for celluilits/erysipelas?

A

Strep pyogenes

Staph aureus

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17
Q

What is the treatment for cellulitis/erysipelas?

A

Flucloxacillin 1g IV every 6 hours

Benzylpenicllin 1.8g IV every 6 hours

If worried about the patient give both!

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18
Q

What are the general management principles of a bacterial infection?

A

Take swab
Start antibiotics
Review after 48 hours
If not better in a week consider alternative diagnosis

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19
Q

What are oedema blisters?

A

Acute exacerbations of oedema
Commonly found on the dorsum of the feet
Often erythematous
Can feel hot

20
Q

What is lipodermatosclerosis?

A

A very late presentation of eczema where much of the skin of the affected area is sclerosed. It is often bilateral

21
Q

What must be considered in patient with lipodermatosclerosis?

A

Look for signs of venous disease

22
Q

What is the treatment outline for lipodermatosclerosis?

A

Treat underlying venous disease

Topical steroids

23
Q

What are tinea infections?

A

A broad range of fungal infections. The term tinea is very general and the infection is usually defined by where it is affecting

24
Q

What is tinea of the head called?

A

Tinea capitis

25
Q

What is tinea of the foot called? What is a other name for this common infection?

A

Tinea pedis

Athlete’s foot

26
Q

Why do fungal infections commonly fact the toes and nails?

A

Dermatocytes crave keratin

27
Q

What is the basic initial test principle for fungal infection?

A

Take skin scrapings

28
Q

What is the treatment for tinea infections of the feet, body, hands or groin? Which of the two creams is better at killing dermatocytes?

A

Usually respond to topical cream -
Terbinafine or clotrimazole

Clotrimazole

29
Q

What is the treatment for tinea infection of the scalp or nails?

A

Oral antifungals

30
Q

What are some differences between tinea infection and eczema?

A

History is relevant - fungal exposure? atopic?
Distribution patterns differ
Skin scraping will differentiate
Eczema is very common, tinea corporis very rare
Eczema is more itchy

31
Q

What is another name for candida albicans infection? Where does it common affect?

A

Thrush

Vagina
Breast creases
Groin
Mouth

32
Q

What is the treatment for candida albicans infection?

A

Nystatin
Miconazole
Ketoconazole

33
Q

What is an uncommon skin manifestation of HPV infection?

A

Warts

34
Q

Are warts contagious?

A

Yes but the risk of transmission is low

35
Q

What is molluscum contagiosum?

A

A DNA pox virus which presents with umbilicate papules
May become secondarily infected
Will resolve when the patient develops immunity

36
Q

How many main strands of herpes simplex virus (HSV) are there?

A

2

37
Q

What is the most common manifestation of HSV?

A

Cold sore

38
Q

What is a major skin manifestation of HSV infection? What may make this more serious?

A

Eczema herpticum

Can be far more severe in atopic patients

39
Q

What is the treatment for HSV?

A

Aciclovir

40
Q

What is herpes simplex virus?

A

The virus that causes chicken pox on first exposure and after that exposures result in shingles, which occurs when the virus tracks down a nerve root and affects a dermatome

41
Q

What is the causative agent in scabies? What type in infection is this?

A

Sarcoptes scabei

Infestation

42
Q

Where can scabies infection commonly centre?

A

The back, the hands, the nipples, the penis, the groin, the wrists and the toes

43
Q

What is a key sign to look for on scabies lesions?

A

Burrows

44
Q

What is the treatment for scabies infestation?

A

Permethrin cream top to toe for 8 hours
- two applications two weeks apart

All in household and close contact must be treated

45
Q

What is a key symptom of scabies?

A

Itching

46
Q

What is important to inform the patient with regard to the itch when starting treatment?

A

Although the cream will remove the infection the itch may take around 6 weeks to settle and can be treated symptomatically with steroids

Dermatology (8 decks)

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