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DERM > skin infections > Flashcards

skin infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what are the 3 main types of skin infection according to their sources?

A

1) bacterial eg staphylococcal + streptococcal
2) viral eg HPV, HSV, HZ
3) fungal eg tine, candida, yeasts

infestations like scabies and cutaneous leishmaniasis also occur

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2
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

involves the deep subcutaneous tissue

sprading bacterial infection of the skin

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3
Q

what is erysipelas?

A

an acute superficial form of cellulitis + involves the dermis + upper subcutaneous tissue

spreading bacterial infx of skin

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4
Q

what are the causes of erysipelas + cellulitis?

A

streptoccus progenies

staphylococcus aureus

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5
Q

what are the risk factors for cellulitis + erysipelas?

A 
immunosuppression
wounds
leg ulcers
toeweb intertrigo
minor skin injury
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6
Q

how does cellulitis + erysipelas present?

A

most common in lower limbs

1) local signs of inflammation- swelling (tumour), erythema (rubber), warmth (calor), pain (dolor). can be associated with lymphangitis
2) systemically unwell with fever, malaise or riggers, esp with erysipelas

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7
Q

how is erysipelas distinguished from cellulitis?

A

by a well-defined red raised border

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8
Q

what is the management of cellulitis + erysipelas?

A

antibioitics eg flucloxacillin/benzylpenicillin

supportive care- rest, leg elevation, sterile dressings, analgesia

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9
Q

what are the complications of cellulitis + erysipelas?

A

local necrosis
abscess
septicaemia

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10
Q

what is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome SSSS?

A

SSSS commonly seen in infancy + early childhood

a serious skin infection caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium produces an exfoliative toxin that causes the outer layers of skin to blister and peel

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11
Q

what is the cause of staphyloccal scalded skin syndrome?

A

production of circulating epidermolytic toxin from phage group II, benzylpenicillin-resistant (coagulase positive) staphylococci

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12
Q

how does SSSS present?

A

develops within few hrs-days, can be worse over face, neck, axillae, groins.

recovery within 5-7days

1) scald-like then large flaccid bulla
2) perioral crusting typical
3) intraepidermal blistering
4) lesions v painful
5) eruption more localised

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13
Q

what is the management of SSSS?

A

1) antibiotics eg a systemic penicillinase-resistant penicillin, fusidic acid, erythromycin or cephalosporin
2) analgesia

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14
Q

what is a superficial fungal infection?

A

common and mild infx of superficial layers of skin, nails + hair

can be severe in immunocompromised

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15
Q

what are the 3 main groups of causes of superficial fungal infections?

A

1) dermatophytes- tinea/ringworm
2) yeasts- candidiasis, malassezia
3) moulds- aspergillus

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16
Q

how does superficial fungal infections present?

A

varies with site of infection

usually unilateral + itchy

17
Q

what is tinea corporis?

A

tinea infection of trunk + limbs

itchy, circular/annular lesions with clearly defined, raised + scaly edge

18
Q

what is tinea cruris?

A

tinea infection of groin + natal cleft

v itchy. like tinea corporis

19
Q

what is tinea pedis

A

athlete’s foot

moist scaling + fissuring in towers, spreading to sole + dorsal aspect of foot

20
Q

what is tinea manuum?

A

tinea infection of the hand

scaling + dryness in palmar creases

21
Q

what is tinea capitis?

A

scalp ringworm

patches of broken hair, scaling + inflammation

22
Q

what is tinea unguium?

A

tinea infection of the nail

yellow discolouration, thickened + crumbly nail

23
Q

what is tinea incognito?

A

inappropriate treatment of tinea infection with topical or systemic corticosteroids

ill-defined + less scaly lesions

24
Q

what is candidiasis?

A

candidal skin infection

white plaques on mucosal areas
erythema with satellite lesions in flexures

25
Q

what is pityriasis/tinea versicolour?

A

infection with malassezia furfural

scaly pale brown patches on upper trunk that fail to tan on sun exposure

usuallly asymptomatic

26
Q

what is the management of superficial fungal infections?

A

1) correct dx by skin scrapings, hair or nail clippings (for dermatophytes), skin swabs for yeasts
2) general- treat precipitating factor eg immunosuppressive condition, moist environment

3) topical antifungal agent eg terbinafine cream
4) oral antifungal agent eg itraconazole- severe, widespread or nail infx
5) avoid topical steroids- leads to tinea incognito

DERM (5 decks)

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