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Toby Microbiology Y2 > Skin infections > Flashcards

Skin infections Flashcards

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1
Q

What toxins are produced by staphylococcus aureus

A

Panton velentine leuocidin (PVL) - prod much more necrosing infection
Exfoliative toxin - causes cleavage of epidermis -> blistering
TSST-1 toxin -> organ failure
Enterotoxin - problem with food consumption

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2
Q

What is impetigo

A

Caused by a staphylococcal infection of the surface of the epidermis
-> honey-coloured crust on an eroded base
It often occurs around the nose and mouth, but can occur anywhere

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3
Q

What is bullous impetigo

A

Bac making exfoliative toxin

Superficial blisters that are easily broken

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4
Q

What is ecthyhma

A

Ecthyma is full thickness involvement of the epidermis.
These lesions look like firmly adherent crust on a background of erythema. The crust will not come off – the surface of the skin is dying.
It commonly occurs after infected insect bites, or infected wounds.

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5
Q

What is the progression of an abscess

A

Starts off as infected follicle

Expands -> cavity formation (in which there is pus)

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6
Q

how do you treat an abscess

A

Incise and let pus out

Treat with antibiotics

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7
Q

What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

systemic, widespread desquamatisation (and redness) of epidermis caused by exfoliative toxin getting into bloodstream
Occurs in kids <5
Treat with antibiotics and emollients

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8
Q

Whats the difference between staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

TEN = due to allergic to reaction to drug

TEN involves skin AND mucous memb

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9
Q

What is treponema pallidum

A

gram neg spirochete

cause of syphilis

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10
Q

What are the stages of syphilis

A

1 - Primary - painless ulcer at site of innoculation that then heals
2- Secondary - : Disseminated infection, and generalised rash and lymphadenopathy. get better
Latent phase
3- Tertiary - Skin, neurological and vascular manifestations

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11
Q

Features of primary phase syphilis

A

Chancre seen at site of inoculation
Painless ulcer
heals - maybe scr, maybe not

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12
Q

Features of secondary syph

A

flu-like illness, accompanied by rash and lymphadenopathy
Widespread rash over body
warty lesions around perineul, axilla and groin

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13
Q

feat or tertiary syph

A

Vascular abn - eg thoraci aneurism (dilation of throacic aorta)
neurosyph - dementia, depression, headaches etc

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14
Q

What is congenital syph

A 
Babies born to mothers still infected 
syph is transplacental
most die or premature
born alive - will have feat similar to secondary 
All preg mothers now screened
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15
Q

types of herpes simples

A

HSV1 - oral

HSV2 - genital

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16
Q

What is the appearance of herpes blisters

A

Vesicles on an erythematous base are seen. These progress, to form pustules. These pustules begin to crust, and then get better.

17
Q

What is the common first presentation of herpes

A

stromatitis - inflammation of mouth

treat with acyclovir

18
Q

`What is the treatment of eczma herpeticum

A

intravenous antibiotics, intravenous acyclovir, emollients and topical steroids

19
Q

What is the common name for VZV rash and what are some features

A

Chicken pox
rash preceded by headache
Virus lays dormant in neurones - when reactivateswe see shingles. This can be bullous – so we may see blistering. Patients may suffer from post-herpetic neuralgia

20
Q

What is an example of dermatophytes

A

Trichophyton rubrum

21
Q

What do dermatophytes live off and cause

A

Live off keratin

Cause tinea

22
Q

What is tinea unguium

A

dermatophyte infection of nail (yellow crumbly nail)
Clippings taken to confirm
treat with 3 month course of anti-fungals

23
Q

What is tinea capitus

A

Dermatophyte infection of the scalp
only occurs in children (adults have anti-fungal chem in sebum of hair)
treat w/ oral anti-fungals

24
Q

What is another name for ringworm

A

Tinea manuum

25
Q

Where is candida intertrigo often seen

A

mouth, genital area, under the breast and in the axilla

26
Q

what type of scabies is not spread through human contact

A

crusted scabies - immunosuppressed patient has thousands of of mites on skin (normal = 15-20)

27
Q

What is the presentation of scabies

A

For the first 4 weeks, the patient is asymptomatic. They then develop a type IV hypersensitivity reaction (allergic reaction) to the mite and its faeces. Then, they develop a very itchy, exematous rash (this keeps them awake at night). At this stage, they have BURROWS and a WIDESPREAD RASH.

28
Q

What are some common sites of scabies burrows

A 
under breasts
genital area
armpits
back of hands
strip around umbilical
cubital fossa

Toby Microbiology Y2 (1 decks)

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