Skin, Hair, Nails, Temperature Flashcards
What are the structure of the skin?
Integument or cutaneous membrane
Epidermis and dermis
What are the layers of the skin?
Epidermis and Dermis
What is in the epidermis layer?
Stratum basale layer
Stratum Corneum layer
What does the stratum basale layer do?
Pushing older cells towards the surface
Cells begin to die and become keratinized
What does the stratum Corneum layer do?
Surface layer of dead, flattened, keratinized cells
Being sloughed off as dander
What is the dermis layer?
Connective tissue holding body together
Collagen and elastin fiber is contained
Contains blood vessel, nervous tissue, and some muscle tissue
Skin tells a story by?
Mirrors stress levels
Response to chronic irritation
Drug reaction are often revealed
Subcutaneous layer is?
Lies underneath skin, but not part of skin
Loose connective and adipose tissue
Insulates body from extreme temperature changes
Name two pigments and the condition that determines skin color
Melanin and carotene
Condition of the amount of blood from the dermis determines the skin color
Name three hairless parts of the body
Lips, bottom of hand, bottom of foot, and nipples
Why do we have hair
To keep us warm and protect us
What is the hair shaft made of?
Dead keratinized cells
What causes grey hair?
Absence of melanin produces white hair
What produce red hair?
Genetically controlled and determined by amount of melanin mixed with iron
Hair growth is influenced by what hormones?
Estrogen and testrogen
The protein found in hair is called?
Keratinized
What time of day is the body temperature highest?
Highest in the afternoon
What time of day is body temperature lowest?
Lowest in the early morning
What is consider normal temperature?
98.6 •F
What percentage of heat loss occurs through the skin?
80% through the skin
What percentage of heat loss occurs through the lungs?
20% respiratory system
Name four ways to lose heat
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation
What is the “rule of nines”? How is it determined?
Determined the extent of body surface that is burned, so that fluids can be replaced
Which degree burns are considered partial-thickness?
First degree and second degree
How is third degree burn is not painful?
Sensory receptors are destroyed to not feel pain
Heat related condition ranked in order
- Heat syncope
- Heat cramps
- Heat exhaustion
- Heat stroke
Why is Escher a serious problem?
Cutting blood flow off and traps bacteria and secretes toxins
Name three insults to the skin
Drying effects of soap and water
UV radiation
Friction
Numerous bumps
Name two elderly skin concerns
Bruises more easily
drier
easily injured
slower to heal
Name five structures found in the dermis
Sweat gland, sebaceous gland, adipose tissue, nerve ending
Define dermatology
The study of skin and skin disorder
The body thermostat is called
Hypothalamus
A higher core temperature can be found in the
Cranial cavity
What does dilated blood vessels do?
Increase body temperature
What muscle activity causes shivering which in turns warm body?
Skeletal
What occurs when there is a decline in body temperature?
Arrector pili
What degree burn forms blisters?
Second degree
What are the functions of the skin?
Retain water and electrolytes Excretes water, salt, and urea Regulates body temperature Keeps harmful substances out of the body Makes vitamin D
what is the outermost covering of the lungs called?
parietal pleura
what part of the hearts membrane that attaches the heart to the chest walls?
parietal pericardium
The innermost lining of the abdominopelvic cavity is
visceral peritaneum
what is the Serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity is called?
parietal pleura
what can be found between the parietal and visceral layers of a serous membrane?
Serous fluid
What is the inner layer of the covering around the heart called?
Visceral pericardium
What is the lining found around your stomach and intestines called?
Visceral peritaneum
