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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Skin, Hair, Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, Nails Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of hair?

A

Vellus - covers most of our boy except palms and soles, dorsa of the distal parts of fingers, umbilicus, glans penis and inside labia

terminal hair - darker, thicker, grows over scalp eyebrows, after puberty the pubic area, face and chest in males.

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2
Q

What do the sebaceous glads do?

A

Produce sebum - a protective lipid substance secreted through hair follicles

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3
Q

What do sebum oils do?

A

lubricate the skin and forms emulsions with water that retards water loss from skin

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4
Q

Where are the sebaceous glands located?

A

everywhere but palms and soles

most abundant on scalp, forehead and skin

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5
Q

What are the two different types of sweat glands?

A

eccrine glands - coiled tubes that open directly onto the skin surface and produce dilute saline salution (SWEAT)

apocrine glands - produce thick milky secretion and open into hair follicles

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6
Q

Where are apocrine glands located and do they decrease in function with age?

A

axillae, anogenital area, nipples, navel.

yes they do decrease in function with age

ACTIVATE DURING PUBERTY

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7
Q

When do apocrine glands get activated?

A

emotional and sexual stimulation

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8
Q

What is lanugo?

A

the fine downy hair of a newborn infant

this hair is replaced by vellus hair after the first few months

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9
Q

What is vernix caseosa?

A

a thick cheesy substance made up of sebum and shed epithelial cells present immediately after birth

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10
Q

What is different with a newborns skin and an adults skin?

A

newborns skin is more permeable making them at greater risk for fluid loss.

temperature regulation is ineffective - sweat glands dont secrete in response to heat until first few months of life.

they cant shiver and their subQ layer is inefficient

also they have an inefficient pigment system

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11
Q

What happens to the aging adults skin?

A

Epidermis - layers thin and flatten, allows for easier chemical access into the body

the dermis flattens and thins, causing wrinkling occurs

loss of collagen causes increased risk for shearing and tearing injuries

sweat glands decrease in # and function, leaving dry skin

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12
Q

What are some other things that happen to the skin as we age?

A

decreased vascularity

decreased nutrients

loss of protective cushioning of subQ layer

lifetime of environmental trauma to skin

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13
Q

What is some subjective data to obtain while getting a health history about skin?

A

allergies?

skin disease?

changes in pigmentation

changes in mole size or color

excessive dryness

puritus

excessive bruising

rash or lesion

medications

hair loss

change in nails

environmental or occupational exposure

self-care barriers

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14
Q

OLDCART?

A

onset

location

duration

aggrevating factors

relieving factors

treatment

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15
Q

Do you inspect before you touch?

A

YES

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16
Q

What is some objective data you would collect for the skin?

A

color/ general pigmentation

freckles, moles, birthmarks

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17
Q

How do you check the skins temperature?

A

use back of hand moving from shoulders to fingers

hands and feet might be slightly cooler in cold environment

18
Q

What about moisture, texture and thickness?

A

moisture - diaphoresis and dehydration

texture - smooth and firm

thickness - uniformly think, except palms and feet

19
Q

How do you check for edema?

A

press over the skin of the lower leg around the malleolus and tibia with your thumb, look for pitting.

20
Q

How do we check for mobility and turgor?

A

These reflect the elasticity of the skin

Pick up a fold of the skin beneath the clavicle or on top of the hand

if it is difficult to pick up they have poor mobility

if it stays up and slow to recede then they have poor turgor

21
Q

When does tenting occur?

A

severe dehydration

22
Q

When you are checking for vascularity and bruising, what is one specific thing you should be looking for?

A

Turn the arms over and look at the medial surface of the arms, note the venous patterns and observe any bruising and needle marks.

23
Q

What should you note about lesions?

A

color

elevation

shape/configuration

size

location/distribution

24
Q

Do you document tattoos and piercings?

A

YES YES YES

25
Q

What do you look for when you are checking the nails?

A

Shape and contour - are they smooth and in good shape, do they have polish on them, do they bite them, are they artificial?

consistency - are them firm and smooth, any signs of fungus?

color - is the nail bed pink?

26
Q

how do you check capillary refill?

A

press the nail bed till it blanches and then release. it should refill within 1 to 2 seconds.

its sluggish if it takes longer than 2 seconds

27
Q

What can the sudden development of streaking discoloration in the nails of light skinned people mean??

A

a melanoma

28
Q

What does clubbing indicate?

A

heart, respiratory illness, chronic ulcerative colitis, and intestinal autoimmune disease.

29
Q

ABCDE

A

a - asymmetry

b - border

c - color

d - diameter

e - elevation and enlargement

30
Q

Macule

A

curcumscribed alterations in skin color.

surface is not elevated or depressed in relation to surrounding skin

may be of any size or color

31
Q

What is a macule greater than 2cm in diameter called?

A

patch

32
Q

papule?

A

a solid, elevated lesion with no visible fluid may be up to 1/2 cm in diameter

33
Q

nodule?

A

these are forms of papules, but are larger and deeper. they may be located in the dermis or subQ tissue, or the epidermis. usually 1/2 CM or more in diameter.

34
Q

plaque?

A

an elevated area of the skin 2 cm or more in diameter. may be formed by coalescence of papules or nodules. SURFACE AREA IS GREATER THAN ITS HEIGHT. said to be a plate-like lesion

35
Q

pustule?

A

a circumscribed elevation of the skin that contains purulent exudate that may be white, yellow, or green-yellow in color.

36
Q

abcess?

A

a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by disintegration or necrosis of tissue.

37
Q

cyst?

A

a closed sac that contains liquid or semisolid material, usually resilient on palpation

38
Q

erosion?

A

loss of the epidermis

39
Q

ulcer?

A

loss of epidermis and dermis (sometimes deeper tissue)

40
Q

crusts?

A

crust results when serum, blood, or purulent exudate dries and is a hallmark of pyogenic infection

usually yellow when they have arisen from dried serum, green or yellow-green from pus, brown or dark red from blood

41
Q

fissure?

A

a linear cleavage or gap in the skin surface (variation of erosion or ulcer)

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (4 decks)

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