Skin, Hair, & Nails Flashcards
Discrete flat change in color of skin; usually <1.5cm diameter (freckle, lentigo, purpura)
macule
Discrete flat lesion (large Macule); >1.5cm (melasma, lentigo)
Patch
Discrete palpable elevation of skin; <1cm diameter; origin may be epidermal, dermal, or both. (nevi, seborrheic keratosis, dermatofibroma)
Papule
Discrete palpable elevation of skin; ma evolve from papule; may involve any level of skin from epidermis to subcutis. (nevi, basal cell ca, keratoacanthoma)
Nodule
Slightly raised lesion, typically with flat surface; >1 cm, scaling frequently present (psoriasis, mycosis fungoides)
Plaque
Transient pink/red swelling of skin; often displaying central clearing; various shapes and sizes; usually pruritic and lasts < 24 hours. (Urticaria)
Wheal
Large papule or nodule; usually >1cm diameter (basal cell ca, squamous cell ca, malignant melanoma)
Tumor
Raised lesion <0.5cm containing yellow cloudy fluid (usually infected) (folliculitis, acne)
Pustule
Raised lesion <0.5cm containing clear fluid. (herpes simplex, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis)
vesicle
vesicle >0.5cm (contact dermatitis, blisters of second degree sunburn)
Bulla
Semi-solid lesion; varies in size from several mm to several cm; may become infected (sebaceous cyst)
Cyst
Shallow hemorrhagic excavation; linear or punctate; results from scratching. Seen with contact dermatitis
Excoriation
Thickening of skin with exaggeration of skin creases. Hallmark of chronic eczematous dermatitis
Lichenification
linear crack in epidermis
Fissure
Partial break in epidermis
Erosion
Netlike or lacy in description
Reticulate
Confluent and salmon colored in description. Seen in Rubeola
Morbilliform
Snakelike or wavy line track description
Serpiginous
Star shaped (Meningococcal Septicemia)
Stellate
Pink macules with purple central papules (Erythema multiforme)
Iris/target lesion
Interlocking or coalesced circles (Psoriasis, urticaria)
Polycyclic
Round, active margins with central clearing
Annular
Fever, irritability, hypotension, and a macular or petechial rash, which needs immediate treatment, may indicate:
Meningococcemia
A tender, morbilliform, erythematous rash accompanied by fever, conjunctivitis, oral ulcers, and diarrhea:
Steven Johnson Syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis)
Pain is rare with rash. A painful rash is associated with:
herpes zoster
vasomotor instability disorder characterized by exacerbation with dietary consumption of vasodilators such as coffee, tea, alcohol, or spicy foods:
Rosacea
a common dermatological side effect of drugs:
photodermatitis
Infants and children who have this vaccination may have a rash 10-14 days after immunization
Measles
lesions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne often have internal causes and present as:
symmetrical
lesions such as bacterial or fungal, and allergic contact eczema often present as:
asymmetrical
A rash found on the palms or soles indicate:
Erythema multiforme or rickettsia
True or False: Mucosal involvement is common in hand and foot lesions, herpes, and syphilis
True
In children, a triad of hair loss, scaling, and lymphadenopathy is diagnostic of:
Tinea capitis
Assessing the superficial skin for texture is done by
palpation with the finger tips
Deeper palpation of the skin is done using
thumb and index fingers
checking for enlargement of these areas may be of assistance in the diagnosis of a systemic cause of skin disorders
Liver and spleen
This is used to assess for blanching on pressure and is accomplished by pressing a glass or clear plastic slide on the lesion
Diascopy
Diascopy is most helpful in evaluating what kind of lesions?
purpuric lesions
Long wave ultraviolet light is used in the diagnosis of of lesions caused by what type of microorganism?
Fungi
A Tzanck smear is used to test for?
Herpes Simplex and Herpes Zoster
also known as slapped cheek disease, a systemic illness of sudden onset characterized by coalescing, red, maculopapular eruption on the face, with reticular eruption occurring on the extremities 2-3 days later. What is the disease and what is the treatment?
Fifth Disease (erythema infectiosum); the disease is self limiting.
superficial pustular, bullous, or nonbullous eruption, followed by honey colored crusting. Typically localized that can occur anywhere on the body.
impetigo
Caused by a viral exanthem, and the systemic illness that results is characterized by a fine, erythematous, morbilliform eruption on the face that spreads rapidly to the trunk and becomes confluent and reticulate.
Measles (Rubeola)
A viral exanthem similar to measles and starts as fine macules and papules on the face and progresses caudally. Lymphadenopathy of post auricular nodes is characteristic.
Rubella
This systemic illness is associated with group A B-hemolytic Streptoccus (strep throat) and is characterized by macular erythema of the face, except around the mouth, followed by a disseminated fine papular erythema, which is intensified in the flexor folds. Also has an associated white or strawberry tongue.
Scarlet Fever
A viral infection caused by human herpesvirus 6 and characterized by 2-3 days of sustained fever in an irritable infancy who otherwise appears well. After fever decreases, a pink, morbilliform, cutaneous eruption appears transiently and fades within 24 hours. What is the illness and treatment?
Roseola. It is self limiting.
Coxsackievirus A16 is the causative organism. Painful mouth ulcers followed by painful white vesicles with a surrounding erythema on the fingers, palms, toes, and soles characterize this condition. What is the illness and treatment?
Hand-foot-mouth disease. It is self limiting
