Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Health Assessment > Skin,Hair, Nail Assessment > Flashcards

Skin,Hair, Nail Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatological HPI

A
  • changes in hair, skin, nails
  • Temporal sequence
  • symptoms
  • Location
  • associated symptoms
  • recent exposure
  • Apparent cause
  • Travel history
  • Treatments tried
  • Adjustment made
  • Diet status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dermatological Medical History

A
  • previous hair problems
  • previous skin problems
  • previous nail problems
  • tolerance to sunlight
  • cardiac, respiratory, liver, endocrine, autoimmune.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skin exam includes?

A

Skin surface, hair, nails, conjunctiva, oral, genital mucosa.

1- observe patient skin color
2- palpate patient level of moisture, temperature, texture, mobility and turgor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A
  • Melanoma
  • can appear anywhere , if you don’t look you going to miss it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

Oral erosion in SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1- observe skin color
( Brown) Epiderms

A

Melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1- observe skin color Epiderms
( yellow)

A

Carotenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

red, located in arterial plexus
Dermis

A

Oxyhemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bluish-
red, located in the venous plexusDermis

A

hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

Increased pigmentation may suggest Addison’s disease or metastatic
melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

Cyanosis or a bluish color to the lips may suggest hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2- palpate
Dry, rough

A

hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2- palpate
Moist, warm

A

underlying febrile illness or
hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2- palpate

excoriations

A

pruritic skin eruption such as scabies or
an underlying systemic disease such as lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2- palpate

tight, bound-down skin over the hands or face

A

diagnosis of autoimmune condition like scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A

Beau’s lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A

Mees’ bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

Lindsay’s nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A

Terry’s nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

Koilonychia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A

Clubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

Psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Features based on touch or palpation

A

• Consistency
• soft, doughy, rubbery, firm, hard
• Dry, flaky, moist
• Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Skin Lesions based on touch:

A

• Fixed vs mobile
• Presence or absence of tenderness
• Surface characteristics
• smooth, velvety, pebbled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Examples of Skin Features Based on Touch

A

Rubbery, Mobile, Non-tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Examples of Skin Features Based on Touch

A

Firm, Fixed, Rough, Non- tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Examples of Skin Features Based on Touch

A

Tender, hard,
Warm to touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Examples of Skin Features Based on Touch

A

Dry, flaky, cool, non- tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Examples of Skin Features Based on Touch

A

Firm, tight, bound-down, moist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Examples of Skin Features Based on Touch

A

Wet, Tender, ulcerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Identify and describe any lesions

A

Dr. FACT
◦ Distribution
◦ Arrangement
◦ Type of lesion
◦ Primary lesion
◦ Secondary lesion
◦ Color
◦ Features based on touch/palpation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A- Distribution

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Examples of Distributions

A

Sun-exposed: a malar rash of acute cutaneous lupus

34
Q

Examples of Distributions

A

Symmetric, generalized rash from a drug reaction

35
Q

Examples of Distributions

A

Dermatomal pattern: Herpes zoster

36
Q

Examples of Distributions

A

Flexor pattern: atopic dermatitis

37
Q

B- Arrangements

A
38
Q

Examples of Arrangements

A

Linear

39
Q

Examples of Arrangements

A

Grouped herpetiform

40
Q

Examples of Arrangements

A

Annular

41
Q

Examples of Arrangements

A

Reticulated

42
Q

C. Type of lesions
( Non-palpable lesion with distinct borders, less than 1 cm in diameter)

A

Macule

43
Q

C. Type of lesions
( Non-palpable lesion with distinct borders, greater than 1 cm in diameter)

A

Patch

44
Q

C. Types of lesions
( Palpable, solid lesion less than 1 cm in diameter)

A

Papule

45
Q

C. Types of lesions
( Palpable, solid lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter)

A

Plaque

46
Q

C. Types of lesions
( Palpable, lesion more than 1 cm in diameter which is taller than it is wide)

A

Nodule

47
Q

C. Types of lesions
( Fluid- containing, superficial, thin-walled cavity less than 1 cm )

A

Vesicle

48
Q

C. Types of lesions
( Fluid-containing ,superficial, thin-walled cavity greater than 1 cm )

A

Bulla

49
Q

C. Types of lesions
( A skin defect where there has been loss of the epidermis only )

A

Erosion

50
Q

C. Types of lesions
( A skin defect where there has been loss of the epidermis and dermis)

A

Ulcer

51
Q

C. Types of lesions
( Pus containing, superficial, thin-walled cavity )

A

Pustule

52
Q

C. Types of lesions
( Thick-walled cavity containing pus )

A

Abscess

53
Q

C. Color

A

Erythematous

54
Q

C. Color

A

Hyperpigmented

55
Q

C. Color

A

Black

56
Q

Skin cancers & keratosis

A

Actinic keratosis

57
Q

Skin cancers & keratosis

A

Seborrheic keratosis

58
Q

Skin cancers & keratosis

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

59
Q

Skin cancers & keratosis

A

Malignant melanoma

60
Q

Skin cancers & keratosis

A

Basal cell carcinoma

61
Q

screening for melanoma

A

A - for asymmetry

B - for irregular borders, especially ragged, notched, or blurred

C - for variation or change in color, especially blue or black

D - for diameter ≥6 mm or different from other moles, especially changing, itching, or bleeding E for elevation or enlargement

62
Q

1 - Rash

A

In regard to a rash, it is first important to know he context in which the rash developed:
◦ On what part of the body did it start? Where did it spread to next?
◦ Determine the date of onset of the eruption – evaluate if any other
significant events occurred at that time (new medications, exposure to new substance or food)
◦ Have you ever had a rash like this before?
Next, gather more accessory information about the rash itself:
◦ Is the rash itchy? Is it painful or tender when you touch it?
◦ Have you tried anything to make it better? Did it help?

63
Q

Rash - Alarm symptoms
Although the vast majority of skin conditions are not life-thre

A

life threatening processes like anaphylaxis, severe systemic infections, and severe drug reactions :

◦ severely painful skin
◦ diffuse erythema
◦ erythroderma (redness and scaling involving > 90% of the skin)
◦ dusky or grayish-purple skin (signals impending necrosis)
◦ widespread blistering or sloughing skin
◦ painful erosions of the mucous membranes
◦ palpable purpura
◦ swelling of the lips or tongue
◦ high fever
◦ difficulty breathing

64
Q

Rash - Differential diagnosis

A

Exanthematous eruptions

•Drug eruption
•Scarlet fever
•Viral exanthems, such as measles (rubeola), rubella (German measles

65
Q

Rash - Differential diagnosis

A

Papulosquamous dermatoses

•Psoriasis
•Seborrheic dermatitis •Lupus erythematosus •Tinea corporis/cruris/faciei (ringworm, jock itch)

66
Q

Rash - Differential diagnosis

A

Eczematous dermatoses

•Atopic dermatitis

•Irritant contact dermatitis (80% of contact dermatitis)

•Venous stasis dermatitis

67
Q

Rash - Differential diagnosis

A

Vesiculobullous disorders

•Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis

•Bullous pemphigoid
•Herpes simplex viral infection (cold sores, fever blisters)

•Varicella (chickenpox)

•Zoster (shingles)

68
Q

Rash - Differential diagnosis

A

Pustular dermatoses

•Acne vulgaris

•Acne rosacea

•Folliculitis

69
Q

Rash - Differential diagnosis

A

Purpuras

•Thrombocytopenic purpura

•Acute bacterial endocarditis

•DIC

70
Q

Rash - Differential diagnosis

A

Erythemas and urticaria

•Urticaria

•Cellulitis

•Necrotizing fasciitis

•Lyme disease

71
Q

2 - Pruritus

A

First, allow the patient to describe the itching and when it began and where it is located:
◦ When did the itching first start?
◦ Is it in a single area of the body, or is it widespread?

After listening to the itching history, consider possible alarm symptoms and ask questions to narrow the differential diagnosis

72
Q

Pruritus - itching without rash ?

A

Itching, without rash, is usually a systemic problem and will likely require a full exam and possibly laboratory evaluations so do not expect a clear diagnosis at the end of your history and physical.

73
Q

3 - Hair Loss

A

The first goal is to determine whether the alopecia is scarring or nonscarring. Ask the patient to precisely describe the hair
loss:
◦ When did the hair loss start? Was it sudden or gradual?
◦ What is the pattern of the hair loss? Is it breaking, coming out at
the root, patchy, overall thinning? ◦ Were there any precipitating events? Frequent hair treatments?
Medications? Systemic illness?

74
Q

Hair loss - Alarm symptoms

A

◦ Itching
◦ Pain
◦ Crusting
◦ Bleeding
◦ Pustulation
◦ Scaling of the scalp

75
Q

Hair loss - Types

A
76
Q

Hair loss - Differential diagnosis

( Sudden hair loss that starts with one or more circular bald patches that may overlap )

A

Alopecia areata

Cause:
Autoimmune diseases – not reversible

77
Q

Hair loss - Differential diagnosis

( Hair is lost in a well-defined pattern, beginning above both temples. Over time, the hairline recedes to form a characteristic “M” shape )

A

Androgenetic alopecia

Cause:
Common genetic hair loss – not reversible

78
Q

Hair loss - Differential diagnosis

( Itching, scaly, inflamed balding areas on the scalp )

A

Tinea capitis

Cause:

Fungal infection - reversible

79
Q

Hair loss - Differential diagnosis

( Overall thinning and shedding of hair that begins within 2 months of starting a new drug or after a serious illness )

A

Drug-related hair loss or serious illness related

Cause:
Drug or stress, reversible

80
Q

Hair loss - Differential diagnosis

( Itching, Pain, Crusting, Bleeding, Scaling of the scalp )

A

Inflammatory alopecias
• Discoid lupus
•Lichen planopilaris •Autoimmune blistering disorders

Cause:
Typically autoimmune disorders

81
Q

Hair loss - Differential diagnosis

( hair loss that’s caused by repeatedly pulling on hair (braids, hair clips, ponytails)

A

Traction alopecia

Cause:
May not be reversible due to scaring

Advanced Health Assessment (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions