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AC: A&P: INTEGUMENTARY > Skin/ Hair Glands > Flashcards

Skin/ Hair Glands Flashcards

1
Q

The common integument is the outer covering of the body.

It is the largest organ of the body and has a range of functions. The integument is made up of:

A

The integumentary system has a complex structure, being composed of many different tissues**. It performs many functions that are important in **maintaining homeostasis in the body

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2
Q

Functions of Skin

Protection – it protects the underlying structures of the body, and in areas such as the pads of the feet, the skin is thickened to protect against physical trauma.

  • It also acts as a physical barrier to protect against invasion by microorganisms and sebaceous glands produce an antiseptic sebum onto the surface.
  • The skin also works as a water barrier to prevent the body from drying out or becoming water logged.
  • Pigmented areas protect against UV radiation.
A
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3
Q

Functions of Skin

Sensory – the skin surface has many nerve endings to detect temperature, pressure, touch and pain

A
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4
Q

Functions of Skin

Secretion – a variety of different glands produce secretions directly on to the skin surface, such as:

  • sebum – produced by sebaceous glands
  • sweat – from sweat (sudoriferous) glands - in cat and dog only found in footpads and nose
A
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5
Q

Functions of Skin

Production – UV light from the sun converts a chemical present in the sebum into Vitamin D. This increases the uptake and metabolism of dietary calcium.

A
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6
Q

Functions of Skin

Storage – fat is stored under the skin as adipose tissue. Fat is an energy store and acts as a thermal insulating layer.

A
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7
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

____________– it protects the underlying structures of the body, and in areas such as the pads of the feet, the skin is thickened to protect against physical trauma.

A

protection

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8
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

acts as a physical barrier to protect against invasion by micro-organisms and sebaceous glands produce an antiseptic sebum onto the surface.

A

protection

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9
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

The skin also works as a water barrier to prevent the body from drying out or becoming water logged.

A

protection

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10
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

Pigmented areas protect against UV radiation.

A

protection

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11
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

the skin surface has many nerve endings to detect temperature, pressure, touch and pain.

A

sensory

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12
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

a variety of different glands produce secretions directly on to the skin surface,

A

secretion

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13
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

produced by sebaceous glands

A

sebum

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14
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

– from sweat (sudoriferous) glands - in cat and dog only found in footpads and nose

A

sweat

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15
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

produced by specialised skin glands

A

pheromones

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16
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

UV light from the sun converts a chemical present in the sebum into Vitamin D. This increases the uptake and metabolism of dietary calcium.

A

production

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17
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

fat is stored under the skin as adipose tissue. Fat is an energy store and acts as a thermal insulating layer.

A

storage

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18
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

skin prevents heat loss by diverting blood away from the surface by vasoconstriction, by erecting the hairs to trap a layer of air, and by having a layer of fat.

A

Thermoregulation

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19
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

When the body is hot, heat can be lost by the production of sweat and vasodilation.

A

thermoregulation

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20
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

pheromones are natural scents used for intraspecific communication.

A

communcation

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21
Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

Another form of communication is a dog raising its hackles when threatened.

A

communication

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22
Q

the epidermis contains no ______ _______

A

blood vessels

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23
Q

_________ is a protein that provides protection and waterproofing. It slowly infiltrates the cells of the stratum granulosum. It is heavier in certain parts of the body such as the footpads.

A

keratin

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24
Q

the DERMIS is made up of what type of tissue?

A

loose connective tissue

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25
Q

what does loose connective tissue contain? (4 answers)

A
  1. blood vessels
  2. nerve endings
  3. glands
  4. hair follicles
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26
Q

hypodermis is made up of what type of tissue?

A

areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue,

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27
Q

hypodermis is made up of what type of cells?

A

fat cells

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28
Q

Hypodermis may contain some deep hair follicles

True or False?

A

true

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29
Q
A
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30
Q

What are the 3 types of glands?

A
  1. sebaceous glands
  2. sweat (sudiferous) glands
  3. mammary glands
31
Q

where do sebaceous glands open into?

A

base of hair follicles

32
Q

what do sebaceous glands secrete?

A

sebum (oily substance)

33
Q

what does sebum do?

A

waterproofs skin (layer)

34
Q

sebaceous glands have an antiseptic quality to control bacterial growth on the skin surface

true or false?

A

true

35
Q

Some modified sebaceous glands produce pheromones, which include:

  1. Tail glands – on dorsal surface of base of tail
  2. Circumanal** glands** – around circumference of anus and glands in the anal sacs
  3. Circumoral** glands** – around lips of cats
  4. Ceruminous glands – produce ear wax
A
36
Q

what type of gland?

on dorsal surface of base of tail

A

tail glands

37
Q

what type of gland?

– around circumference of anus and glands in the anal sacs

A

Circumanal glands

38
Q

what type of gland?

around lips of cats

A

circumoral glands

39
Q

what type of gland?

produce ear wax

A

Ceruminous glands

40
Q

what type of gland?

also called sudiferous glands.

A

sweat glands

41
Q

what type of gland?

Coiled glands found in the dermis.

A

sweat glands

42
Q

what type of gland?

modified enlarged sweat glands which produce milk.

A

mammary

43
Q

what is this?

It is a keratinised structure and is produced by a hair follicle.

A

Hair

44
Q

The function of ____ is insulation and helps to regulate the temperature of the body.

A

hair

45
Q

The colour in hairs is formed from the same pigment, _________, which also colours the skin.

A

melatonin

46
Q

The visible part of the hair is called the hair _____ and the part below the surface is called the hair _____.

A

shaft

root

47
Q

There are three major types of hair:

The whiskers of cats and the spines of hedgehogs are examples of special types of hairs.

Guard Hairs (Primary Hairs)

Thick, long and stiff

  • Form the outer protective layer
  • Act as a waterproof layer

Wool Hairs (Secondary Hairs)

  • Make up the soft undercoat
  • Thinner, softer and shorter than guard hairs
  • Number of hairs fluctuate, increasing in winter
  • A number may grow out of one follicle

Tactile Hairs

  • Also known as vibrissae or whiskers
  • Protrude beyond the rest of the coat
  • Specialised hairs that grow from follicles deep in the hypodermis
  • Surrounded by nerve endings and responsive to touch
  • Mostly found on the face
A
48
Q

which type of hair?

Thick, long and stiff

A

guard (primary)

49
Q

which type of hair?

Forms the outer protective layer

A

guard (primary)

50
Q

what type of hair?

Act as a waterproof layer

A

guard (primary)

51
Q

what type of hair?

Make up the soft undercoat

A

Wool Hairs (Secondary Hairs)

52
Q

what type of hair?

Thinner, softer and shorter than guard hairs

A

Wool Hairs (Secondary Hairs)

53
Q

what type of hair?

Number of hairs fluctuate, increasing in winter

A

Wool Hairs (Secondary Hairs)

54
Q

what type of hair?

A number may grow out of one follicle

A

Wool Hairs (Secondary Hairs)

55
Q

what type of hair?

Also known as vibrissae or whiskers

A

tactile

56
Q

what type of hair?

Protrude beyond the rest of the coat

A

tactile

57
Q

what type of hair?

Specialised hairs that grow from follicles deep in the hypodermis

A

tactile

58
Q

what type of hair?

Surrounded by nerve endings and responsive to touch

A

tactile

59
Q

what type of hair?

A

tactile

60
Q

Hair grow is affected by:

  1. S__________
  2. B_____
  3. T_________
  4. S__
  5. N_______
  6. G________
  7. H__________ (e.g., thyroxine and cortisol)
A
  1. Seasonality
  2. Breed
  3. Temperature
  4. Sex
  5. Nutrition
  6. Genetics
  7. Hormones (e.g., thyroxine and cortisol)
61
Q

____ are composed of modified keratinised epidermis

A

claws

62
Q

function is to protect the distal phalanges during walking and weight bearing and to provide grip

what is this describing?

A

claws

63
Q

At rest the claws of the cat are retracted into pockets by elastic ligaments.

True or false?

A

true

64
Q
A
65
Q

These are animals that have lost toes in the process of evolution and walk on the “nails” of their remaining toes.

Name the type of locomotion this describes

A

unguligrade

66
Q

Horns are made of keratin and are found in sheep, goats and cattle.

True or false?

A

true

67
Q

The antlers of deer have a quite a different structure.

trueThey are not formed in the epidermis and do not consist of keratin but are entirely of bone

true or false?

A

true

68
Q

the function of hair is to:

P____

I_____

C_____

A

protect

insulate

communicate

69
Q

There are a range of glands within the skin. The mammary and anal glands are also modified skin glands.

true or false?

A

true

70
Q

the end of the digits are protected by claws.

true or false?

A

true

71
Q

the footpads are derived from modified epidermis

true or false?

A

true

72
Q

The common integument is the outer covering of the body and includes the skin, hair, pads and claws.

true or false?

A

true

73
Q

the skin consists of two layers; the epidermis and dermis, under which lies the hypodermis. This basic structure also makes up the footpads and claws.

true or false?

A

true

AC: A&P: INTEGUMENTARY (2 decks)

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