Skin/ Hair Glands Flashcards by Alissa Edlinger

Q

The common integument is the outer covering of the body.

It is the largest organ of the body and has a range of functions. The integument is made up of:

A

The integumentary system has a complex structure, being composed of many different tissues**. It performs many functions that are important in **maintaining homeostasis in the body

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Q

Functions of Skin

Protection – it protects the underlying structures of the body, and in areas such as the pads of the feet, the skin is thickened to protect against physical trauma.

It also acts as a physical barrier to protect against invasion by microorganisms and sebaceous glands produce an antiseptic sebum onto the surface.
The skin also works as a water barrier to prevent the body from drying out or becoming water logged.
Pigmented areas protect against UV radiation.

A

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Q

Functions of Skin

Sensory – the skin surface has many nerve endings to detect temperature, pressure, touch and pain

A

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Q

Functions of Skin

Secretion – a variety of different glands produce secretions directly on to the skin surface, such as:

sebum – produced by sebaceous glands
sweat – from sweat (sudoriferous) glands - in cat and dog only found in footpads and nose

A

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Q

Functions of Skin

Production – UV light from the sun converts a chemical present in the sebum into Vitamin D. This increases the uptake and metabolism of dietary calcium.

A

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Q

Functions of Skin

Storage – fat is stored under the skin as adipose tissue. Fat is an energy store and acts as a thermal insulating layer.

A

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

____________– it protects the underlying structures of the body, and in areas such as the pads of the feet, the skin is thickened to protect against physical trauma.

A

protection

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

acts as a physical barrier to protect against invasion by micro-organisms and sebaceous glands produce an antiseptic sebum onto the surface.

A

protection

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

The skin also works as a water barrier to prevent the body from drying out or becoming water logged.

A

protection

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

Pigmented areas protect against UV radiation.

A

protection

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

the skin surface has many nerve endings to detect temperature, pressure, touch and pain.

A

sensory

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

a variety of different glands produce secretions directly on to the skin surface,

A

secretion

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

produced by sebaceous glands

A

sebum

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

– from sweat (sudoriferous) glands - in cat and dog only found in footpads and nose

A

sweat

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

produced by specialised skin glands

A

pheromones

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

UV light from the sun converts a chemical present in the sebum into Vitamin D. This increases the uptake and metabolism of dietary calcium.

A

production

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

fat is stored under the skin as adipose tissue. Fat is an energy store and acts as a thermal insulating layer.

A

storage

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

skin prevents heat loss by diverting blood away from the surface by vasoconstriction, by erecting the hairs to trap a layer of air, and by having a layer of fat.

A

Thermoregulation

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

When the body is hot, heat can be lost by the production of sweat and vasodilation.

A

thermoregulation

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

pheromones are natural scents used for intraspecific communication.

A

communcation

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Q

Functions of the Skin: Match Definition with Term

Another form of communication is a dog raising its hackles when threatened.

A

communication

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Q

the epidermis contains no ______ _______

A

blood vessels

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Q

_________ is a protein that provides protection and waterproofing. It slowly infiltrates the cells of the stratum granulosum. It is heavier in certain parts of the body such as the footpads.

A

keratin

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Q

the DERMIS is made up of what type of tissue?

A

loose connective tissue

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what does loose connective tissue contain? (4 answers)

1. blood vessels 2. nerve endings 3. glands 4. hair follicles

hypodermis is made up of what type of tissue?

areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue,

hypodermis is made up of what type of cells?

fat cells

Hypodermis may contain some deep hair follicles True or False?

true

What are the 3 types of glands?

1. sebaceous glands 2. sweat (sudiferous) glands 3. mammary glands

where do **sebaceous glands** open into?

base of hair follicles

what do **sebaceous glands** secrete?

sebum (oily substance)

what does sebum do?

waterproofs skin (layer)

**sebaceous glands** have an antiseptic quality to control bacterial growth on the skin surface true or false?

true

*Some modified sebaceous glands produce pheromones, which include:* 1. **Tail glands** – on dorsal surface of base of tail 2. **Circum**_anal_** glands** – around circumference of anus and glands in the anal sacs 3. **Circum**_oral_** glands** – around lips of cats 4. **Ceruminous glands** – produce ear wax

what type of gland? on dorsal surface of base of tail

tail glands

what type of gland? – around circumference of anus and glands in the anal sacs

Circumanal glands

what type of gland? around lips of cats

circumoral glands

what type of gland? produce ear wax

Ceruminous glands

what type of gland? also called sudiferous glands.

sweat glands

what type of gland? Coiled glands found in the dermis.

sweat glands

what type of gland? modified enlarged sweat glands which produce milk.

mammary

what is this? It is a keratinised structure and is produced by a hair follicle.

Hair

The function of ____ is insulation and helps to regulate the temperature of the body.

hair

The colour in hairs is formed from the same pigment, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which also colours the skin.

melatonin

The visible part of the hair is called the hair _____ and the part below the surface is called the hair \_\_\_\_\_.

shaft root

**_There are three major types of hair:_** ## Footnote The whiskers of cats and the spines of hedgehogs are examples of special types of hairs. ***_Guard Hairs (Primary Hairs)_*** Thick, long and stiff * Form the outer protective layer * Act as a waterproof layer ***_Wool Hairs (Secondary Hairs)_*** * Make up the soft undercoat * Thinner, softer and shorter than guard hairs * Number of hairs fluctuate, increasing in winter * A number may grow out of one follicle ***_Tactile Hairs_*** * Also known as vibrissae or whiskers * Protrude beyond the rest of the coat * Specialised hairs that grow from follicles deep in the hypodermis * Surrounded by nerve endings and responsive to touch * Mostly found on the face

which type of hair? Thick, long and stiff

guard (primary)

which type of hair? Forms the outer protective layer

guard (primary)

what type of hair? Act as a waterproof layer

guard (primary)

what type of hair? Make up the soft undercoat

Wool Hairs (Secondary Hairs)

what type of hair? Thinner, softer and shorter than guard hairs

Wool Hairs (Secondary Hairs)

what type of hair? Number of hairs fluctuate, increasing in winter

Wool Hairs (Secondary Hairs)

what type of hair? A number may grow out of one follicle

Wool Hairs (Secondary Hairs)

what type of hair? Also known as vibrissae or whiskers

tactile

what type of hair? Protrude beyond the rest of the coat

tactile

what type of hair? Specialised hairs that grow from follicles deep in the hypodermis

tactile

what type of hair? Surrounded by nerve endings and responsive to touch

tactile

what type of hair?

tactile

Hair grow is affected by: 1. S\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. B\_\_\_\_\_ 3. T\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. S\_\_ 5. N\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 6. G\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 7. H\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (e.g., thyroxine and cortisol)

1. Seasonality 2. Breed 3. Temperature 4. Sex 5. Nutrition 6. Genetics 7. Hormones (e.g., thyroxine and cortisol)

\_\_\_\_ are composed of modified keratinised epidermis

claws

function is to protect the distal phalanges during walking and weight bearing and to provide grip what is this describing?

claws

At rest the claws of the cat are retracted into pockets by elastic ligaments. True or false?

true

These are animals that have lost toes in the process of evolution and walk on the “nails” of their remaining toes. Name the type of locomotion this describes

unguligrade

Horns are made of keratin and are found in sheep, goats and cattle. True or false?

true

The antlers of deer have a quite a different structure. trueThey are not formed in the epidermis and do not consist of keratin but are entirely of bone true or false?

true

the function of hair is to: P\_\_\_\_ I\_\_\_\_\_ C\_\_\_\_\_

protect insulate communicate

There are a range of glands within the skin. The mammary and anal glands are also modified skin glands. true or false?

true

the end of the digits are protected by claws. true or false?

true

the footpads are derived from modified epidermis true or false?

true

The common integument is the outer covering of the body and includes the skin, hair, pads and claws. true or false?

true

the skin consists of two layers; the epidermis and dermis, under which lies the hypodermis. This basic structure also makes up the footpads and claws. true or false?

true