Skin Hair And Nails

Question 1

Largest organ system (20ft2)

Guards body from environmental stresses and influences
- trauma pathogens dirt heat and cold

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

Layers of the skin: epidermis

Answer 2

Thin and stratified. Basal cell later creates new cells and contains keratin and melanin.

Horny cell layer is on top and contain dead keratin and is shed.

Avascular

Question 3

Layers of skin: dermis

Answer 3

Connective tissue and collagen. Also has elastic tissue.

Contains sensory receptors and blood vessels sweat glands and hair follicles

Question 4

Layers of skin: subcutaneous

Answer 4

Adipose tissue. Isolation and energy. Gives skin mobility

Question 5

Functions of the skin

Answer 5

Protection
Prevent penetration: loss of water and invasion of microorganisms
Perception
Temperature regulation
Identification
Communication like facial expressions 
Wound repair
Absorption and excretion or minerals sugars amino acids cholesterol uric acid and urea. 
Production of Vit. D from cholesterol

Question 6

Skin in the aging adult

Answer 6

Lose elasticity- thinning epidermis

Loss of elastin and collagen- increase risk of shearing and tearing. Delayed healing.

Decrease sweat and sebaceous glands leaving skin dry = decrease thermoregulatory response and is in greater risk for heat stroke.

Vascularity diminishes and fragility increases.
- any trauma can cause senile purpura.

Sun exposure and smoking increase aging process.

Question 7

Senile purpura

Answer 7

Dark red discolored area due to minor trauma

Question 8

Smoking

Answer 8

Causes coarse wrinkling skin, decrease elasticity, atrophy, speckled and uneven coloring and leathery skin

Question 9

Sun exposure

Answer 9

More prominent in pale skin

Question 10

Hair two types:

Answer 10

Vellum hair: peach fuzz
Terminal hair: dark thicker hair.

Hair growth is cyclical ( some hairs are growing while others are at rest )

Hair is composed of keratin and is made or shaft and bulb matrix (new cells form)

Follicle function: sebaceous glands produce sebum that lubricates hair. Stops water loss. Dry skin is due to loss of water not oil

Question 11

Sweat glands:

Answer 11

Eccrine: open directly to skin (sweat)
- primary function thermoregulation

Apocrine: milky secretions that open into hair follicles
- axilla, genitals, nipples, navel

Question 12

Nails:

Answer 12

Hard plates of keratin.
- nail plate is clear with longitudinal ridges that become more prominent with age.

Get the pink color from the highly vascular epithelial cells