Skin, Hair And Nails

Question 0

Thinning of the skin with loss of normal skin furrows?

Answer 0

Atrophy

Question 1

What is thickening and roughening of the skin?

Answer 1

Lichinification

Question 2

An abrasion or scratch mark of the epidermis

Answer 2

Excoriation

Question 3

Replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous connective tissue

Answer 3

Scar

Question 4

Blocked sebaceous gland; a common blackhead

Answer 4

Comedo

Question 5

Dilated small blood vessels

Answer 5

Telangiectasia

Question 6

Hardening of the skin

Answer 6

Sclerosis

Question 7

Elevated enlarging scar beyond the boundaries of the wound

Answer 7

Keloid

Question 8

A bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes and skin caused by reduced or deoxygenated hemoglobin in the small blood vessels

Answer 8

Cyanosis

Question 9

When the concentration of the arterial blood O2 is low due to poor oxygenation in the lungs or shunts
Imparts a bluish tinge to the tongue and lips

Answer 9

Central cyanosis

Question 10

A yellow color of the skin and sclera caused by deposition of bilirubin secondary to increased bilirubin levels in the blood

Answer 10

Jaundice

Question 11

Massive lysis of red blood cells (sickle cell anemia, malaria) producing bilirubin faster than the liver can conjugate it

Answer 11

Hemolytic jaundice

Question 12

Damage to the liver cells (cirrhosis or hepatitis patients) causing a decrease in both bilirubin uptake and conjugation

Answer 12

Hepatocellular jaundice

Question 13

Obstruction of the bile ducts (presence of gall stones or a hepatic tumor)

Answer 13

Obstructive jaundice

Question 14

Too much vitamin A , a yellowing of the skin caused by a diet high in carrots, yellow not in sclera

Answer 14

Carotenemia

Question 15

Superficial infections caused by dermatophytes

Answer 15

Tinea

Question 16

The infected area shows scaling, erythema, reddish or grayish patches

Answer 16

Tinea

Question 17

A common benign acute or chronic skin disease that appears to be based on genetic predisposition , irritation or injury of the normal akin tends to induce lesions

Answer 17

Psoriasis

Question 18

Koebners phenomenon

Answer 18

Injury or irritation of the normal skin tends to induce lesions pertaining to psoriasis

Question 19

Red plaques with silvery scales on elbows and knees, with scaliness

Answer 19

Psoriasis

Question 20

Well demarcated effecting extensor surfaces

Answer 20

Psoriasis

Question 21

Poorly demarcated plaques in flexural distribution

Answer 21

Atopic dermatitis

Question 22

Diffuse patchy redness and scaling

Answer 22

Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 23

Scraping and culture and examination of the hair and nails distinguishes

Answer 23

Psoriasis from candidiasis

Question 24

A papule or nodule that may have a scab or central erosion- grows very slowly attaining 1-2 cm or more in diameter

Answer 24

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 25

A waxy, pearly appearance, with telangiectatic vessels easily visible with this condition

Answer 25

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 26

Occurs on exposed parts in fair skinned individuals who sunburn easily /tan poorly

Answer 26

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 27

Small red, conical, hard nodules and occasionally ulcerate

Answer 27

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 28

Vary from macules to nodules, varies in color, irregular boarder, grow may be rapid or indolent

Answer 28

Malignant melanoma

Question 29

Warning signs of malignant melanoma

Answer 29

asymmetry, boarder, color, diameter, elevation, friable

Question 30

Superficial, flattened papules covered by dry scales, appear on sun exposed skin on older fair skinned patients

Answer 30

Actinic keratosis

Question 31

Common, benign yellowish to brown raised lesions that feel greasy or velvety , appear on face and trunk

Answer 31

Seborrheic keratosis

Question 32

Ranges from one or two circular patches of complete hair loss on the scalp or in beard area

Answer 32

Alopecia areata

Question 33

Usually genetically determined, an autosomal dominant, may begin early in life, temporal recession of hair goes first

Answer 33

Male pattern alopecia

Question 34

Excessive growth of hair or presence of hair in unusual places

Answer 34

Hirsutism

Question 35

What are the 5 basic causes of hirutism

Answer 35

1. Adrenal virilism 2. Ovarian virilization, 3. Ovarian failure 4. Androgenic drugs

Question 36

A destructive fungal infection of one or more fingernails or toenails - no symptoms

Answer 36

Onychomycosis

Question 37

The nails of this condition are luster less, brittle, and may hyper trophy , the substance is friable and pithy

Answer 37

Onychomycosis

Question 38

Why is onycomycosis difficult to treat?

Answer 38

A long duration of therapy is required and frequency of recurrence

Question 39

Does topical treatment help onychomycosis?

Answer 39

No, systemic therapy is required, griseofulvin 750 mg QD for 6 months is effective

Question 40

Horizontal depressions across the nail plate caused by transient arrest in nail growth

Answer 40

Beaus lines

Question 41

What can cause beaus lines?

Answer 41

Acute stress such as MI, high fever, shock, pulmonary embolism

Question 42

How long does the nail plate take to grow?

Answer 42

3 to 4 months

Question 43

A bulbous enlargement of and broadening of the fingertips

Answer 43

Clubbing

Question 44

The tissue between the nail and underlying bone has a spongy quality that gives a floating sensation when pressed on in what condition?

Answer 44

Clubbing

Question 45

What causes clubbing?

Answer 45

Hyperplasia of the fibrovascular tissue between the nail matrix and the bony phalanx

Question 46

Clubbed fingers are indicative of what

Answer 46

Cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, or GI disease

Question 47

Spoon nails caused by softening and thinning of the nail plate resulting in concave or spoon shaped nails

Answer 47

Koilonychia

Question 48

Patients with iron deficiency or Plummer-Vinson syndrome can develop what

Answer 48

Koilonychia

Question 49

Hemochromatosis, raynauds syndrome and an autosomal dominant disorder can lead to this

Answer 49

Koilonychia

Question 50

The distal separation of the nail palate from the nail bed caused by excessive exposure to water, soaps and detergents

Answer 50

Onycholysis

Question 51

Psoriasis and hypo hyperthyroidism can cause this

Answer 51

Onycholysis

Question 52

Inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds

Answer 52

Paronychia

Question 53

What do you not when you inspect and palpate the skin ?

Answer 53

Color, vascularity, moisture, texture, temperature, mobility and turgor

Question 54

How do you observe any lesions of the skin?

Answer 54

Anatomical location/distribution, grouping/arrangement, color, type

Question 55

What do you look for when inspecting and palpating the fingernails and toenails?

Answer 55

Color, shape, lesions

Question 56

What do you look for when inspecting the mucous membranes?

Answer 56

Moisture, pigmentation, cyanosis, pallor, jaundice and lesions

Question 57

What do you inspect and palpate in the head exam?

Answer 57

Skull, scalp, face, hair, skin

Question 58

Psoriasis has what kind of lesion?

Answer 58

Plaque

Question 59

Erythema nodosum is what kind of skin lesion?

Answer 59

Nodule

Question 60

Herpes simplex, impetigo, chicken pox and scabies are what kind of lesions ?

Answer 60

Vesicles

Question 61

Skin that has a purulent exudate that may be white, yellow or greenish yellow

Answer 61

Pustule

Question 62

Acne and pustular psoriasis are what lesions

Answer 62

Pustule

Question 63

What is an ulcer

Answer 63

A deeper loss of skin surface, may bleed and scar

Question 64

What is fissure

Answer 64

A linear crack in the skin, groove or deep furrow, may be seen with eczema

Question 65

What is seen with eczema, impetigo and tinea?

Answer 65

Crust

Question 66

Psoriasis, seborrhea, pityriasis rosea and tinea have what in common?

Answer 66

Scales

Question 67

Peripheral cyanosis can be caused by what?

Answer 67

Exposure to cold, congestive heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease

Question 68

Where should you look for jaundice?

Answer 68

Sclera, lips, hard palate, undersurface of the tongue and the skin

Question 69

Malaria and sickle cell anemia patients can have what?

Answer 69

Hemolytic jaundice

Question 70

Hepatocellular jaundice can be seen in what patients?

Answer 70

Cirrhosis and hepatitis

Question 71

What patients have obstructive jaundice?

Answer 71

Gallstones or hepatic tumor

Question 72

Where should you look for pallor in patients?

Answer 72

fingernails, lips and mucus membranes (especially those of the mouth and palpebral conjunctiva)

Question 73

What is a cafe au lait spot?

Answer 73

Slightly but uniformly pigmented Macule or patch with somewhat irregular boarders

Question 74

When does neurofibromatosis occur?

Answer 74

Six or more spots of cafe au lait with a diameter that's greater than 1.5 cm

Question 75

A bright red faintly pulsatile lesion containing a central arteriole

Answer 75

Spider angioma

Question 76

A massive number of spider angioma may indicate a disease T or F

Answer 76

True

Question 77

Spider angioma is seen in what patients?

Answer 77

Hepatic cirrhosis

Question 78

What is cherry angioma?

Answer 78

Bright or ruby red Macule or papule 1-3 mm in size

Question 79

Petechia vs purpura

Answer 79

A deep red or reddish purple fading away over time but petechia is less than .5cm whereas purpura is greater than .5

Question 80

Eccymosis

Answer 80

Blood outside the vessels , seen in bleeding disorders

Question 81

Over 2/3 of these patients have a personal or family history of allergic rhinitis, hay fever or asthma

Answer 81

Atopic dermatitis

Question 82

The itch that rashes condition

Answer 82

Atopic dermatitis

Question 83

Acute, poorly defined erythematous patches, papules and plaques

Answer 83

Atopic dermatitis

Question 84

What is treatment for atopic dermatitis ?

Answer 84

They are sensitive to low humidity and gets worse in winter. Tell patient to avoid bathing more than once a day, use no drying soaps , use emollients , corticosteroids, avoid dairy products and wheat

Question 85

Seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 85

Very common chronic dermatosis characterized by redness and scaling

Question 86

Occurs in regions where sebaceous glands are most active like face and scalp

Answer 86

Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 87

Simple dandruff

Answer 87

Presence of mild scaling without erythema

Question 88

Thrush

Answer 88

Oral candidiasis - usually painful and looks like creamy white curd like patches overlying erythematous mucosa

Question 89

Oral candidiasis is seen in what patients?

Answer 89

Denture wearers, diabetics, anemia , chemotherapy, receiving corticosteroids or broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 90

What are the risk factors of Vulvovaginal candidiasis?

Answer 90

Pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, broad spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroid use and aids

Question 91

What is the diagnosis for tinea?

Answer 91

Scrapings of the lesions, by direct microscopic examination of a potassium hydroxide preparation or by culture

Question 92

What is treatment for tinea?

Answer 92

Topical anti fungal preparations and possible systemic treatment

Question 93

Tinea corporis

Answer 93

Ringworm of the body

Question 94

Tinea pedis

Answer 94

Feet

Question 95

Tinea unguium

Answer 95

Nails

Question 96

Tinea capitis

Answer 96

Scalp

Question 97

Tinea cruris

Answer 97

Jock itch

Question 98

Tinea Barbae

Answer 98

Bearded areas

Question 99

What is diagnostic for basal cell carcinoma ?

Answer 99

The translucent or pearly quality