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Physical Diagnosis > Skin, Hair And Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair And Nails Flashcards

0
Q

Thinning of the skin with loss of normal skin furrows?

A

Atrophy

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1
Q

What is thickening and roughening of the skin?

A

Lichinification

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2
Q

An abrasion or scratch mark of the epidermis

A

Excoriation

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3
Q

Replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous connective tissue

A

Scar

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4
Q

Blocked sebaceous gland; a common blackhead

A

Comedo

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5
Q

Dilated small blood vessels

A

Telangiectasia

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6
Q

Hardening of the skin

A

Sclerosis

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7
Q

Elevated enlarging scar beyond the boundaries of the wound

A

Keloid

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8
Q

A bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes and skin caused by reduced or deoxygenated hemoglobin in the small blood vessels

A

Cyanosis

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9
Q

When the concentration of the arterial blood O2 is low due to poor oxygenation in the lungs or shunts
Imparts a bluish tinge to the tongue and lips

A

Central cyanosis

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10
Q

A yellow color of the skin and sclera caused by deposition of bilirubin secondary to increased bilirubin levels in the blood

A

Jaundice

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11
Q

Massive lysis of red blood cells (sickle cell anemia, malaria) producing bilirubin faster than the liver can conjugate it

A

Hemolytic jaundice

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12
Q

Damage to the liver cells (cirrhosis or hepatitis patients) causing a decrease in both bilirubin uptake and conjugation

A

Hepatocellular jaundice

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13
Q

Obstruction of the bile ducts (presence of gall stones or a hepatic tumor)

A

Obstructive jaundice

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14
Q

Too much vitamin A , a yellowing of the skin caused by a diet high in carrots, yellow not in sclera

A

Carotenemia

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15
Q

Superficial infections caused by dermatophytes

A

Tinea

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16
Q

The infected area shows scaling, erythema, reddish or grayish patches

A

Tinea

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17
Q

A common benign acute or chronic skin disease that appears to be based on genetic predisposition , irritation or injury of the normal akin tends to induce lesions

A

Psoriasis

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18
Q

Koebners phenomenon

A

Injury or irritation of the normal skin tends to induce lesions pertaining to psoriasis

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19
Q

Red plaques with silvery scales on elbows and knees, with scaliness

A

Psoriasis

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20
Q

Well demarcated effecting extensor surfaces

A

Psoriasis

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21
Q

Poorly demarcated plaques in flexural distribution

A

Atopic dermatitis

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22
Q

Diffuse patchy redness and scaling

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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23
Q

Scraping and culture and examination of the hair and nails distinguishes

A

Psoriasis from candidiasis

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24
Q

A papule or nodule that may have a scab or central erosion- grows very slowly attaining 1-2 cm or more in diameter

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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25
Q

A waxy, pearly appearance, with telangiectatic vessels easily visible with this condition

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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26
Q

Occurs on exposed parts in fair skinned individuals who sunburn easily /tan poorly

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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27
Q

Small red, conical, hard nodules and occasionally ulcerate

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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28
Q

Vary from macules to nodules, varies in color, irregular boarder, grow may be rapid or indolent

A

Malignant melanoma

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29
Q

Warning signs of malignant melanoma

A

asymmetry, boarder, color, diameter, elevation, friable

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30
Q

Superficial, flattened papules covered by dry scales, appear on sun exposed skin on older fair skinned patients

A

Actinic keratosis

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31
Q

Common, benign yellowish to brown raised lesions that feel greasy or velvety , appear on face and trunk

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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32
Q

Ranges from one or two circular patches of complete hair loss on the scalp or in beard area

A

Alopecia areata

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33
Q

Usually genetically determined, an autosomal dominant, may begin early in life, temporal recession of hair goes first

A

Male pattern alopecia

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34
Q

Excessive growth of hair or presence of hair in unusual places

A

Hirsutism

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35
Q

What are the 5 basic causes of hirutism

A
  1. Adrenal virilism 2. Ovarian virilization, 3. Ovarian failure 4. Androgenic drugs
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36
Q

A destructive fungal infection of one or more fingernails or toenails - no symptoms

A

Onychomycosis

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37
Q

The nails of this condition are luster less, brittle, and may hyper trophy , the substance is friable and pithy

A

Onychomycosis

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38
Q

Why is onycomycosis difficult to treat?

A

A long duration of therapy is required and frequency of recurrence

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39
Q

Does topical treatment help onychomycosis?

A

No, systemic therapy is required, griseofulvin 750 mg QD for 6 months is effective

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40
Q

Horizontal depressions across the nail plate caused by transient arrest in nail growth

A

Beaus lines

41
Q

What can cause beaus lines?

A

Acute stress such as MI, high fever, shock, pulmonary embolism

42
Q

How long does the nail plate take to grow?

A

3 to 4 months

43
Q

A bulbous enlargement of and broadening of the fingertips

A

Clubbing

44
Q

The tissue between the nail and underlying bone has a spongy quality that gives a floating sensation when pressed on in what condition?

A

Clubbing

45
Q

What causes clubbing?

A

Hyperplasia of the fibrovascular tissue between the nail matrix and the bony phalanx

46
Q

Clubbed fingers are indicative of what

A

Cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, or GI disease

47
Q

Spoon nails caused by softening and thinning of the nail plate resulting in concave or spoon shaped nails

A

Koilonychia

48
Q

Patients with iron deficiency or Plummer-Vinson syndrome can develop what

A

Koilonychia

49
Q

Hemochromatosis, raynauds syndrome and an autosomal dominant disorder can lead to this

A

Koilonychia

50
Q

The distal separation of the nail palate from the nail bed caused by excessive exposure to water, soaps and detergents

A

Onycholysis

51
Q

Psoriasis and hypo hyperthyroidism can cause this

A

Onycholysis

52
Q

Inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds

A

Paronychia

53
Q

What do you not when you inspect and palpate the skin ?

A

Color, vascularity, moisture, texture, temperature, mobility and turgor

54
Q

How do you observe any lesions of the skin?

A

Anatomical location/distribution, grouping/arrangement, color, type

55
Q

What do you look for when inspecting and palpating the fingernails and toenails?

A

Color, shape, lesions

56
Q

What do you look for when inspecting the mucous membranes?

A

Moisture, pigmentation, cyanosis, pallor, jaundice and lesions

57
Q

What do you inspect and palpate in the head exam?

A

Skull, scalp, face, hair, skin

58
Q

Psoriasis has what kind of lesion?

A

Plaque

59
Q

Erythema nodosum is what kind of skin lesion?

A

Nodule

60
Q

Herpes simplex, impetigo, chicken pox and scabies are what kind of lesions ?

A

Vesicles

61
Q

Skin that has a purulent exudate that may be white, yellow or greenish yellow

A

Pustule

62
Q

Acne and pustular psoriasis are what lesions

A

Pustule

63
Q

What is an ulcer

A

A deeper loss of skin surface, may bleed and scar

64
Q

What is fissure

A

A linear crack in the skin, groove or deep furrow, may be seen with eczema

65
Q

What is seen with eczema, impetigo and tinea?

A

Crust

66
Q

Psoriasis, seborrhea, pityriasis rosea and tinea have what in common?

A

Scales

67
Q

Peripheral cyanosis can be caused by what?

A

Exposure to cold, congestive heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease

68
Q

Where should you look for jaundice?

A

Sclera, lips, hard palate, undersurface of the tongue and the skin

69
Q

Malaria and sickle cell anemia patients can have what?

A

Hemolytic jaundice

70
Q

Hepatocellular jaundice can be seen in what patients?

A

Cirrhosis and hepatitis

71
Q

What patients have obstructive jaundice?

A

Gallstones or hepatic tumor

72
Q

Where should you look for pallor in patients?

A

fingernails, lips and mucus membranes (especially those of the mouth and palpebral conjunctiva)

73
Q

What is a cafe au lait spot?

A

Slightly but uniformly pigmented Macule or patch with somewhat irregular boarders

74
Q

When does neurofibromatosis occur?

A

Six or more spots of cafe au lait with a diameter that’s greater than 1.5 cm

75
Q

A bright red faintly pulsatile lesion containing a central arteriole

A

Spider angioma

76
Q

A massive number of spider angioma may indicate a disease T or F

A

True

77
Q

Spider angioma is seen in what patients?

A

Hepatic cirrhosis

78
Q

What is cherry angioma?

A

Bright or ruby red Macule or papule 1-3 mm in size

79
Q

Petechia vs purpura

A

A deep red or reddish purple fading away over time but petechia is less than .5cm whereas purpura is greater than .5

80
Q

Eccymosis

A

Blood outside the vessels , seen in bleeding disorders

81
Q

Over 2/3 of these patients have a personal or family history of allergic rhinitis, hay fever or asthma

A

Atopic dermatitis

82
Q

The itch that rashes condition

A

Atopic dermatitis

83
Q

Acute, poorly defined erythematous patches, papules and plaques

A

Atopic dermatitis

84
Q

What is treatment for atopic dermatitis ?

A

They are sensitive to low humidity and gets worse in winter.
Tell patient to avoid bathing more than once a day, use no drying soaps , use emollients , corticosteroids, avoid dairy products and wheat

85
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

Very common chronic dermatosis characterized by redness and scaling

86
Q

Occurs in regions where sebaceous glands are most active like face and scalp

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

87
Q

Simple dandruff

A

Presence of mild scaling without erythema

88
Q

Thrush

A

Oral candidiasis - usually painful and looks like creamy white curd like patches overlying erythematous mucosa

89
Q

Oral candidiasis is seen in what patients?

A

Denture wearers, diabetics, anemia , chemotherapy, receiving corticosteroids or broad spectrum antibiotics

90
Q

What are the risk factors of Vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, broad spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroid use and aids

91
Q

What is the diagnosis for tinea?

A

Scrapings of the lesions, by direct microscopic examination of a potassium hydroxide preparation or by culture

92
Q

What is treatment for tinea?

A

Topical anti fungal preparations and possible systemic treatment

93
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Ringworm of the body

94
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Feet

95
Q

Tinea unguium

A

Nails

96
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Scalp

97
Q

Tinea cruris

A

Jock itch

98
Q

Tinea Barbae

A

Bearded areas

99
Q

What is diagnostic for basal cell carcinoma ?

A

The translucent or pearly quality

Physical Diagnosis (1 decks)

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