Skin, Hair and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

Cafe-Au-Lai

A

slightly but uniformly pigmented macule or patch

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2
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A

superficial fungal infection of skin, causing hypo- or hyperpigmented (versicolor), slightly scaly macules on truc

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3
Q

Risk for melanoma increase

A

> 50, hair color, actinic lentigines and heavy sun exposure

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4
Q
A
B
C
D
E
A
A = asymmety
B= irregular borders
C = color changes, especially blue
D = diameter > 6 mm
E = evolution
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5
Q

Skin and hypothyroidism

A

Expect it to be dry and rough

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6
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A
  • large single or “herald” patch preceding the eruption
  • for example
  • -only one large patch, then more lesion erupted suddenly on back and torso
  • -lesions itch
  • -pattern of eruption is like a christmas tree
  • -variety of erythematous papules and macules on the cleavage lines of the back
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7
Q

Tinea versicolor

A

tinea - fungal infection

  • hypo- or hyperpigmented
  • slightly scaley macules on trunk, neck and upper arms (short-sleeved shirt distribution)
  • in lighter skin macules may look reddish or tan instead of pale
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8
Q

Actinic keratosis

A
  • superficial, hyperkeratotic papules
  • can be round or irregular
  • pink, tan or grayish
  • appear on sun-exposed skin of older, fair-skinned people
  • considered to be dysplastic or precancerous
  • untreated, one of every 1000 per year develop into squamous cell carcinoma
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9
Q

seborrheic keratosis`

A
  • “stuck on” appearance
  • common, benign, whitish-yellowish to brown raised papules or plaques
  • typically multiple and symmetrically distributed on the trunk of older people, but may also appear on the face and elsewhere
  • in black people and younger women may appear as a small, deeply pigmented papules on the cheeks and temples
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10
Q

stage 3 ulcer

A

full-thickness skin loss with damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to, but not through, the underlying muscle

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11
Q

Alopecia areata

A

clearly demarcated round or oval patch of hair loss, usually affecting young adults and children. There is no visible scaling or inflmmation

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12
Q

stage 2 ulcer

A

Skin forms a blister or sore. Partial-thickness skin loss or ulceration involving the epidermis, dermis or both

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13
Q

tinea capitis

A

ringworm

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14
Q

trichotillomania

A

hair loss from pulling, plucking or twisting hair

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15
Q

normally see jaundice first

A

sclera

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16
Q

peripheral cyanosis

A

occurs when cutaneous blood flow decreases and slow and tissues extract more oxygen than usual from the blood. Peripheral cyanosis may be a normal response to anxiety or cold environment

17
Q

central cyanosis

A

low oxygen level in arterial blood

18
Q

beau’s line

A

transverse linear depression

  • usually bilateral
  • results from temporary disruption of proximal nail growth from systemic illness
19
Q

mees’ lines

A

transverse white bands

  • curving transverse white bands that cross the nail parallel to the lumula
  • seen in arsenic poisoning, heart failure, hodgkin’s, chemotherapy, carbon monoxide poisoning and leprosy