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Nails > Skin Exam (Review) > Flashcards

Skin Exam (Review) Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the skin, its structure, functions, diseases and treatment is known as:

a. etiology
b. anatomy
c. onychology
d. dermatology

A

dermatology

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2
Q

Which system of the body is made up of the skin, nails, hair and glands?

a. excretory
b. circulatory
c. respiratory
d. integumentary

A

integumentary

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3
Q

The six basic functions of the skin include sensation, heat regulation, absorption, protection, excretion and:

a. digestion
b. secretion
c. circulation
d. reproduction

A

secretion

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4
Q

How does the skin help control body temperature?

a. sensation
b. absorption
c. secretion
d. heat regulation

A

heat regulation

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5
Q

Which of the following skin functions allows certain substances like water and oxygen to pass through its tissues?

a. secretion
b. excretion
c. sensation
d. absorption

A
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6
Q

The skin secretes what complex fatty substance to help keep it soft, supple and pliable?

a. sweat
b. sebum
c. elastin
d. collagen

A

sebum

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7
Q

What is the normal pH range of the skin?

a. 2.5-3.5
b. 4.5-5.5
c. 6.5-7.5
d. 7.5-8.5

A
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8
Q

The skin is composed of three main layers that include the epidermis, dermis and:

a. cutis
b. corium
c. melanocyte
d. subcutaneous

A

subcutaneous

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9
Q

The outermost layer of the skin is known as the:

a. cutis
b. dermis
c. epidermis
d. subcutaneous

A

epidermis

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10
Q

The layer of the epidermis that is shed and replaced continually is the:

a. stratum basale
b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum corneum
d. stratum granulosum

A
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11
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is located on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

a. stratum basale
b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum spinosum
d. stratum granulosum

A

stratum lucidum

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12
Q

What structures found in the stratum lucidum make the skin thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

a. true skin
b. basal cells
c. hair follicles
d. squamous cells

A
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13
Q

Andrew is having his son’s fingerprints recorded today as a tool to be used if his son is ever lost. Fingerprints are made possible by which layer of the epidermis?

a. stratum basale
b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum corneum
d. stratum granulosum

A
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14
Q

The layer of skin in which the cells become more regularly shaped and look like many tiny granules is the:

a. stratum corneum
b. stratum spinosum
c. stratum granulosum
d. stratum germinativum

A

stratum granulosum

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15
Q

Which layer of the epidermis has connections between the cells that appear as spines?

a. stratum basale
b. stratum corneum
c. stratum spinosum
d. stratum granulosum

A

stratum spinosum

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16
Q

Where does mitosis, or cell division of the skin take place?

a. stratum basale
b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum corneum
d. stratum granulosum

A
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17
Q

Which of the following items gives color to the skin?

a. keratin
b. melanin
c. elastin fiber
d. collagen protein

A

melanin

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18
Q

What is the name of the brown/black pigment that gives skin its color?

a. elastin
b. keratin
c. eumelanin
d. pheomelanin

A

eumelanin

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19
Q

Which layer of the skin contains collagen protein and elastin fibers which lend support to the epidermis and give the skin its elastic quality?

a. dermis
b. basale
c. epidermis
d. subcutaneous

A

dermis

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20
Q

Sudoriferous glands, sebaceous glands, sensory nerve endings, blood vessels, arrector pili muscles and a major portion of each hair follicle are found in what layer of the skin?

a. dermis
b. cuticle
c. epidermis
d. subcutaneous

A
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21
Q

Regulation of body temperature, excretion of waste products and helping maintain the acidic pH factor of the skin are the three major functions of which glands?

a. oil
b. sebum
c. sebaceous
d. sudoriferous

A
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22
Q

The acid mantle keeps the surface of the skin slightly acidic, which helps:

a. allow bacteria to enter the body
b. prevent bacteria from entering the body
c. create a shock absorber to protect the bones
d. act as an emergency reservoir of food and water

A
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23
Q

Most skin problems are caused by the:

a. arrector pili
b. adipose tissue
c. sebaceous glands
d. sudoriferous glands

A

sebaceous glands

24
Q

On what area of the body would you NOT find any sebaceous glands?

a. the face
b. scalp and forehead
c. on the arms and legs
d. on the palms of hands and soles of feet

A

on the palms of hands and soles of feet

25
Q

A mixture of sweat and sebum on the surface of the skin is referred to as:

a. elastin
b. protein
c. the acid mantle
d. collagen protein

A

the acid mantle

26
Q

What is one function of the acid mantle?

a. carry melanin
b. produce sweat
c. give skin elasticity and flexibility
d. prevent skin from drying and chapping

A

prevent skin from drying and chapping

27
Q

Which layer of skin is located below the dermis and composed of adipose (fatty) and loose connective tissue?

a. basale
b. corium
c. epidermis
d. subcutaneous

A
28
Q

An example of a subjective symptom would be:

a. itching
b. rashes
c. pimples
d. discharge

A
29
Q

A health condition created or influenced by the work environment is known as a(an):

a. secondary lesion
b. seasonal disorder
c. occupational disorder
d. pigmentation abnormality

A

occupational disorder

30
Q

Changes in the structure of the skin during the early stages of change and development describe what category of skin lesions?

a. primary
b. tertiary
c. secondary
d. inflammatory

A

primary

31
Q

A flat discoloration appearing on the skin’s surface less than 1 cm (about 1/2 inch) is a:

a. bulla
b. wheal
c. macule
d. papule

A
32
Q

A hardened red elevation of the skin in which no fluid is present is a:

a. bulla
b. papule
c. vesicle
d. pustule

A
33
Q

Which skin lesion is a small fluid-filled sac that develops under the epidermis of the skin?

a. papule
b. nodule
c. vesicle
d. fissure

A
34
Q

The category of skin lesions that appear as a disease progresses into the later stages of development is known as:

a. primary
b. tertiary
c. secondary
d. inflammatory

A
35
Q

If the nail professional sees something on the client’s skin that looks irregular, they should:

a. proceed with service
b. ignore the condition
c. refer client to a medical professional
d. offer home treatment advice to client

A

refer client to a medical professional

36
Q

What is the technical term for a lack of pigmentation of the skin caused by a decrease in melanocyte activity?

a. verruca
b. melasma
c. leukoderma
d. melanoderma

A

leukoderma

37
Q

Bromhidrosis is a medical condition characterized by:

a. excessive sebum
b. the lack of sebum
c. the lack of perspiration
d. unpleasant odor from the skin

A

unpleasant odor from the skin

38
Q

What is the disorder called that is an over-production of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness?

a. psoriasis
b. anhidrosis
c. bromhidrosis
d. hyperhidrosis

A

hyperhidrosis

39
Q

What is the term for a skin inflammation caused by direct contact with an irritant or allergen?

a. eczema
b. psoriasis
c. miliaria rubra
d. contact dermatitis

A

contact dermatitis

40
Q

Which of the following statements describes contact dermatitis?

a. small areas that resemble cauliflower
b. chronic condition that is genetic and can’t be cured
c. rough, silvery scales surrounded by red inflammation
d. inflamed, red, itchy skin in a specific area after contact with an irritant or allergen

A

inflamed, red, itchy skin in a specific area after contact with an irritant or allergen

41
Q

What chronic skin inflammation produces round, dry patches of skin, covered with rough, silvery scales surrounded by red inflammation?

a. hives
b. psoriasis
c. herpes simplex
d. contact dermatitis

A

psoriasis

42
Q

The skin inflammation characterized by an eruption of small vesicles and watery discharge with dry or moist lesions is called:

a. eczema
b. urticaria
c. psoriasis
d. hyperkeratosis

A
43
Q

All of the following statements about the term verruca are true EXCEPT:

a. caused by a virus
b. can be contagious
c. part of the healing process
d. name given to a variety of warts

A

part of the healing process

44
Q

The medical term for ringworm is:

a. tinea
b. papule
c. macule
d. lesion

A

tinea

45
Q

Another term for tinea pedis is:

a. verruca
b. psoriasis
c. athlete’s foot
d. contact dermatitis

A

athlete’s foot

46
Q

What common skin cancer tends to appear translucent, has irregular borders and tiny blood vessels running through it?

a. melanoma
b. miliaria rubra
c. basal cell carcinoma
d. squamous cell carcinoma

A
47
Q

An irregular, crusted, red papule that occurs in sun-exposed areas of the skin is a skin cancer known as:

a. melanoma
b. miliaria rubra
c. basal cell carcinoma
d. squamous cell carcinoma

A

squamous cell carcinoma

48
Q

Which of the following skin growths is the most dangerous?

a. keratosis
b. melanoma
c. basal cell carcinoma
d. squamous cell carcinoma

A
49
Q

In the ABCDEs of skin cancer, what does the letter “D” represent?

a. dark
b. dryness
c. density
d. diameter

A
50
Q

The epidermis is composed of how many layers of cells?

a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7

A

5

51
Q

The reaction to a sensation such as heat or pain is known as a(n):

a. reflex
b. secretion
c. excretion
d. regulation

A

reflex

52
Q

What skin function eliminates sweat, salt, wastes and toxins from the body?

a. secretion
b. excretion
c. regulation
d. protection

A
53
Q

The primary component of skin cells is a protein substance called:

a. sebum
b. keratin
c. adipose
d. melanin

A
54
Q

What layer of the skin does not contain any blood vessels?

a. cutis
b. dermis
c. epidermis
d. subcutaneous

A

epidermis

55
Q

The epidermis is primarily composed of:

a. sebum
b. adipose
c. germinativum
d. keratinocytes

A

Nails (3 decks)

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