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Medical Conditions II > Skin Dysfunction Terminology > Flashcards

Skin Dysfunction Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Macule

A

flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of skin
Less than 1 cm in diameter

Ex: freckles, mole/moles (nevus/nevi), measles

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2
Q

Patch

A

a flat, non-palpable, irregular-shaped macule
More than 1 cm in diameter

Ex: port-wine stains, cafe au lait spots

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3
Q

Papule

A

elevated, firm, circumscribed area
Less than 1 cm in diameter

Ex: wart, elevated moles

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4
Q

Plaque

A

elevated, firm, rough lesion with a flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter

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5
Q

Wheal

A

elevated, irregular-shaped area of edema; solid, transient, variable in diameter
(insect bites, allergic reaction)

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6
Q

Nodule

A

elevated, firm, circular lesion deeper in dermis than a papule (1-2 cm)
Example: lipoma

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7
Q

Vesicle

A

elevated, circular, superficial, not into dermis
Filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter
Example: chicken pox

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8
Q

Bulla

A

vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter

Example: blister

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9
Q

Erosion

A

Loss of part of the epidermis.
Depressed, moist, glistening.
Can follow rupture of a vesicle or bulla

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10
Q

Pustule

A

elevated, superficial lesion filled with purulent fluid

Example: acne

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11
Q

Cyst

A

elevated, circular, encapsulated lesion.
In dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material
Ex: sebaceous cyst

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12
Q

Scale

A

Headed up, keratinized cells, flaky skin;
Irregular, thick or thin, dry or oily
Variation in size

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13
Q

Lichenification

A

Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or irritation
Often involves flexor surface of the extremity
Ex: chronic dermatitis

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14
Q

Plaque

A

patch of raised cells thicker than lichenification, usually silver in appearance
Extremely dry tone
Ex: psoriasis

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15
Q

Telangiectasia

A

fine, irregular red lines produced by capillary dilation

Ex: rosacea, “spider veins”

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16
Q

Excoriation

A

loss of epidermis, linear, hollowed-out, crusted area

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17
Q

Fissure

A

linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis, may be moist or dry
Ex: athlete’s foot

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18
Q

Scar

A

Thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration

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19
Q

Keloid

A

irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar

Grows beyond the boundaries of the wound caused by excessive collagen formation.

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20
Q

Tumor

A

elevated, solid lesion deeper in dermis, greater than 2 cm in diameter

Ex: neoplasms, hemangioma

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21
Q

What type of skin cancer is most common?

A

Basal cell carcinoma, 80%

22
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Outside edges are raised with a depressed center

Seen more around sun exposed areas (face, neck, hands)

23
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

hyper-keratotic, crusty nodule or lesion on skin

24
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

darkly pigmented

25
Q

What may increase your risk for basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Weaker immune system

26
Q

Karposi Sarcoma

A

associated with AIDS

27
Q

How to distinguish malignant skin lesions

A 
> 6 mm
Multiple shades
Irregular, blurred borders
Asymmetric
Often bleed or ulcerate
Firm/hard consistency
Slow or rapid rate of growth or change
28
Q

How to distinguish benign lesions

A 
Less than 6 mm
Uniform color
Distinct borders
Symmetric
Seldom bleed or ulcerate
Soft to firm consistency
Slow rate of change
29
Q

Pruritus

A

itching; can be general or local

Primary skin condition or systemic condition

30
Q

Treating pruritus

A

antihistamines, tranquilizers, skin emollients, increasing humidity, topical steroids

31
Q

Eczema/dermatitis

A

inflammatory skin disorder caused by endogenous and/or exogenous agents

32
Q

Endogenous eczema

A

atopic dermatitis,

seborrheic dermatitis

33
Q

Exogenous eczema

A

Allergic contact, irritant contact

Presents with erythema, vesicles, scales, and pruritus

34
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

most common type categorized by scaly and itching rashes

Common around inner elbow and behind the knee

35
Q

Acute stage dermatitis

A

Red, oozing, crusting rash; extensive erosions, exudate, itchy vesicles

36
Q

Subacute stage dermatitis

A

red skin/rash, scaling, scattered plaques

37
Q

Chronic stage dermatitis

A

thickened skin, increased skin marking, fibrotic papules, post inflammatory color changes

38
Q

Psoriasis

A

a chronic, relapsing, proliferative skin disorder with unknown cause (t-cells vs genetic)

Flare ups with winter and lack of sunlight

39
Q

Psoriatic arthritis

A

Asymmetrical joint pain with skin lesions over the painful joint; affects DIP of fingers, toes, SI joints

Stiffness takes hours to subside after waking up

40
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A

chronic systemic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple organ systems

41
Q

Systemic Sclerosis

A

AKA Scleroderma

Chronic disease that results in differing degrees of skin thickening/tightening

42
Q

Polymyositis

A

inflammatory myopathy from an autoimmune reaction causing muscle breakdown

Manifests as a proximal symmetrical muscle weakness (mm fibers infiltrated with fatty tissue)

43
Q

Heliotrope rash

A

the red-mauve discoloration of the eyelids in dermatomyositis

associated with periorbital edema

44
Q

Gottron’s sign

A

pink patches or papules over the knuckles

45
Q

Cellulitis

A

infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Diffuse inflammation of connective tissue underlying basement membrane

46
Q

Impetigo

A

superficial lesion caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus

vesicles/pustules rupture easily that dry to a honey-colored crust (face, neck, extremities)

47
Q

Most common bacterial skin infection in infants and young children

A

impetigo

48
Q

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

A

Varicella-zoster virus

Pain and tingling affecting spinal or cranial nerve dermatome

49
Q

Wart

A

benign skin growth caused by a virus

50
Q

Types of fungal infections

A 
Tinea pedis (athletes foot)
Tinea cruris (jock itch)
Tinea corporis (ringworm)
Tinea barbae (beard)

Candidiasis: yeast-like infection

Medical Conditions II (2 decks)

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