Skin Disorders & Wounds

Question 1

The _________ layer of the skin is thin and devoid of blood vessels and divided into outer hrny layer and inner cellular layer. It depends on the _______layer for nutrition.

Answer 1

Epidermis ; Dermis

Question 2

The _______ layer is supplied with blood, contains connective tissue, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles.

Answer 2

Dermis

Question 3

The _________ contains adipose (fat tissue).

Answer 3

Subcutaneous tissues / hypodermis

Question 4

Functions of the skin (4)

Answer 4

1. ) Homeostasis - maintain pH
2. ) Provides boundaries, protects underlying tissues from microorganisms, and radiation
3. ) Modulates body temp
4. ) Synthesizes vitamin D

Question 5

_______ is the brownish pigment of the skin, genetically determined, increased by sunlight

Answer 5

Melanin

Question 6

_______ is a golden yellow pigment that exists in subcutaneous fat and in heavily keratinized areas like palms and soles

Answer 6

Carotene

Question 7

__________ is a bright red pigment, predominates in arteries and capillaries.

Answer 7

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 8

_______ is darker somewhat bluer pigment from oxyhemoglobin losing its oxygen to the tissues. Increase in this pigment causes _________.

Answer 8

Deoxyhemoglobin ; cyanosis

Question 9

_______ hair is short, fine, inconspicuous, and relatively unpigmented.

Answer 9

Vellus

Question 10

________ hair is coarser, thicker, more conspicuous and usually pigmented (ex: scalp hair and eyebrows)

Answer 10

Terminal

Question 11

Know the locations of:

lunula (whitish moon)

proximal nail fold

cuticle

lateral nail fold.

Answer 11

Question 12

T/F

Nail plate gets pink in color from underlying vasular nail bed

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F

Fingernails grow 0.1 cm/day

Answer 13

False

They grown 0.1mm/day

(and toenails grow slower than this)

Question 14

______ glands produce a fatty substance that’s secreted onto the skin surface through the hair follicles

Answer 14

Sebaceous glands

Question 15

_______ glands are present on all skin surfaces except palms and soles.

Answer 15

Sebaceous glands

Question 16

There are two types of sweat glands.

_______ glands are widely distributed and open directly onto the skin surface, and help control body temperature.

_______ glands are found chiefly in axillary and genital regions, open onto hair follicles, and stimulated by emotional stress.

Answer 16

Eccrine glands ; Apocrine glands

Question 17

ABCDE screening moles for Melanoma

Answer 17

• *A** for Asymmetry
• *B** for irregular Borders, especially ragged, notched, or blurred
• *C** for variation or change in Color, especially blue or black
• *D** for Diameter > or equal to 6 mm or different from others, especially if changing, itching, or bleeding
• *E** for Elevation or Enlargement

Question 18

When assessing color for during a skin exam, what do you look for?

Answer 18

• increased pigmentation or loss of pigmentation
• redness & pallor (fingernails/ mucous membranes)
• cyanosis (central (trunk) & peripheral (fingers/toes))
• jaundice

Question 19

What do you look for when assessing moisture when doing the skin exam?

Answer 19

dryness, sweating, and oiliness

Question 20

How do you assess temperature when doing the skin exam?

Answer 20

use the backs of fingers to assess skin and any red areas for warmth

Question 21

How do you assess mobility and turgor when doing the skin exam?

Answer 21

Lift skin and not ease with which it lifts up (mobility) and speed with which is returns into place (turgor - hydration status)

Question 22

_______ is a slightly but uniformly pigmented macule or patch with a somewhat irregular border. It is flat and usually 0.5 - 1.5 cm in diameter.

Answer 22

Café-Au-Lait Spot

Question 23

Six or more Cafe-Au-Lait spots each with a diameter > 1.5 cm suggests __________

Answer 23

Neurofibromatosis

Question 24

___________ is depigmented macules (flat) appear on the face, hands, feet, and extensor surfaces (ex: back of elbow or neck), may be herediatary.

Answer 24

Vitiligo

* note * Brown pigment is normal skin, while the pale areas are vitiligo

Question 25

This depicts which type of skin condition?

Answer 25

Cyanosis - bluish color that is visible centrally as in the case with congenital heart disease

Question 26

Which skin condition does this picture depict?

Answer 26

Cyanosis - Bluish color that is visible peripherally in the fingertips (with congestive heart failure or Raynaud’s disease)

Question 27

________ is most easily and reliably seen in the sclera (as well as other mucous membranes)

Answer 27

Jaundice

Question 28

Causes of ________ include liver disease and hemolysis of red blood cells

Answer 28

Jaundice

Question 29

This depicts which skin problem?

Answer 29

Erythema - red hue, increased blood flow, seen in that picture as the “slapped cheeks” of “Fifth disease” (not important Jenny said)

Question 30

_______ is an immune-mediated disease that affects the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen, and sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells

Answer 30

Psoriasis

Question 31

Which skin disease presents as silvery scaly lesions?

A. Papules

B. Eczema

C. Erythema

D. Psoriasis

Answer 31

D. Psoriasis

Question 32

________ is mainly on extensor surfaces and is associated with strokes.

Answer 32

Psoriasis

Question 33

Which skin condition is an allergic disease associated with asthma, and includes dryness and recurring skin rashes that are characterized by redness, skin edema (swelling), itching and dryness, crusting, flaking, blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding?

Answer 33

Atopic eczema

Question 34

_______ is the skin condition that presents as red or purplish in the shape of a butterfly involving the bridge of the nose but spares the nasolabial folds of the face. It is macular with sharp edges and not itchy.

Answer 34

Malar rash of Lupus

(present in 46-65% of lupus sufferers)

Question 35

This is a patch of closely grouped papules more than 2/5 in (1 cm) across is called a _______.

Answer 35

Plaque (also seen in psoriasis)

Question 36

What is the primary skin lesion that is solid, raised, and less than 1 cm across? It’s also seen in warts, syphilis, psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratoses, lichen planus, and skin cancer.

Answer 36

Papules

Question 37

________ are associated with keratinous cysts, lipomas, fibromas, and some types of lymphomas

A. Plaques

B. Papules

C. Nodules

D. Cysts

E. Wheals

Answer 37

C. Nodules

Question 38

Which of the primary skin lesions is solid (.0.5 cm) that has distinct edges and that’s more deeply rooted that a papule, is “palpable” because it can be felt as a hard mass distinct from the surrounding tissue

Answer 38

Nodule

Question 39

This is a nodule filled with expressible material, either liquid or semisolid. Which type of primary skin lesion is this?

Answer 39

Cyst

Question 40

________ is a skin eleation caused by swelling that can be itchy and usually disappears soon after erupting, and is generally associated with an allergic reaction (such as to a drug or insect bite).

Answer 40

Wheal