Skin Disorders Flashcards
What is Pruritus triggered by?
Heat and prostaglandins and is increased by release of histamine
Prostaglandins
Too many hormones like substances which causes itching
Histamine
Major role in many allergic reaction
Treatment for Pruritus
Anti-histamine
- Benadryl
(Don’t take while operating vehicles or machinery) makes you drowsy
(If its allergic to reaction)
2) topical steroids
-relieves itching and inflammation
(Hydrocortisone)
Another word for dry skin?
Xerosis
Psoriasis
Chronic inflammatory skin disorder, raised, reddened, round plaques covered by silvery white scales
What causes psoriasis
Autoimmune, stress, sun light, seasonal change, and certain meds make it worse
Psoriasis treatment
Topical corticosteroids (decrease inflammation) Tar preparations Retinoids Puva Ultra violet B
Retinoids
Tretinoin (atralin)
Tazarotene (tazorac)
Isotretinoin (accutane)
Retinoids facts
1) They decrease the lesions
2) Last choice if other tx don’t work
3) Check liver function & lipid test b4, during, and after
4) Harmful to the liver and fetus
5) Take pregnancy test & can’t take is prego
6) Don’t drink alcohol & no vitamin a!!!
Puva
Photo chemotherapy
- uses methoxsalen
- done 2-3xs a week & 10-20xs over 1-2months
- avoid sun 8-12hrs after
Ultraviolet B
Light is used to tx psoriasis
- light decreases growth of epidermal cells
- careful assessment necessary to prevent severe burning
Acne
Disorder of the oil glands
What are the two types of acne
Acne vulgaris: common in teens and middle aged adults
Acne rosacea: rosy looks occurs on face, common in middle age and older adults
Treatment for acne
Benzoyl peroxide: main over the counter Ned for acne
- inhibits bacteria growth
- can be mixed with antibiotics
Retinoids (tretinoin, accutane)
- used for severe inflammation
Sunburn
Light skin complexion, lack of sun protection; burning of skin while in direct sunlight for a long time
When should you avoid the sun
10-4pm
Treatment for sunburn
Mild lotion/spray
-topical anesthetic (numbs the body)
(Benzocaine, dibucaine, & tetracaine)
Complementary therapy
- aloe
- golden seal
- peppermint oil
Candidiasis infection (yeast)
Caused by Candida albicans, a yeast like fungus aka (thrush)
What’s the treatment for thrush
Antifungal medication -nystatin (mycostatin) -swish, spit, or swallow when taking -avoid alcohol, exposure to sun You must complete the whole prescription!!
Herpes simplex
- cold sore or blister
- caused by hs1 or hs2
- above the waist is hs1
- below the waist genital herpes is hs2
- vesicles process through pustules, ulcers, & crusting until healing in 10-14days
How long do you usually have herpes for ?
I10-14 days
What is herpes zoster ?
Shingles ; viral infection caused by varicella zoster (chicken pox)
- painful vesicles on the face, trunk, and thorax
Another word for chicken pox
Varicella zoster
Definition of Pruritus
Itching sensation (urge to scratch)
What’s the recovery for shingles ?
4-6 weeks
What is post therapeutic neuralgia ?
Pain that travels after lesions been healed
What’s the treatment for shingles
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- admin with food or empty stomach
- take meds at 1st site of an outbreak
What is pediculosis?
Lice
- sticks to the hair shaft, hard to get off
What are the 3 types of lice ?
- corpis (body lice)
- capilus (head lice)
- & pubis (pubic lice)
What’s the Tx for pediculosis?
Permethrin (NIX) 1st line of therapy
Medication that contains: gamma benzene hexachloride (Lindane) (second line of treatment, serious side effect: seizures)
Scabies
Infestation caused by the female mite
Can be found between fingers, inner elbow & wrist
Scabies treatment
Lindane & kwell
- applied to entire skin surface
- serious side effect (seizures)
What are the 4 types of burns ?
- thermal
- chemical
- electrical
- radiation
What are the different burn depth?
Superficial- involves only the epidermis
Partial thickness- superficial or deep entire dermis involved
Full thickness- involves all layer of skin
What are the rules of 9
I way to estimate percentage affected by burn injury
Rule of nine percentages
Anterior & posterior head, neck: 9% (individual, 4.5%) Arms: 18% (individual 9%) Trunk: 36% (individual 18%) Peri: 1% Legs: 36% (individual 18%)
What’s the treatments for burns ?
Mafenide acetate
Silver nitrate
Silver sulfadiazine
Mafenide acetate (sulfamylon)
Used to treat burns to reduce the bacteria present
- give patient med before (med causes pain)
- monitor for allergic reaction
Silver nitrate
Prevent burn infections; used in gauze dressings twice a day
- causes skin & dressing to turn black
- monitor s/ax of infection, swelling, weight gain, and breathing difficulty
Silver sulfadiazine (silvadene)
Prevents sepsis in burns
- monitor wbc
- lekopenia can develop
- itching & rash : side effect
What should you monitor the 1st three days for burns?
Monitor Fluid imbalance Demand for O2 Hypervolemia Shock
What do you give a patient with burns with fluid resuscitation?
Lactate ringer
Goal is 30-50ml/hr urine output
MRSA infection tx
Contact precaution Monitor: daily weights, intake/output, and hydration Small high protein meals Admin antibiotics Premeditated b4 dressing changes Pain meds PRN
