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Integ > Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pruritus triggered by?

A

Heat and prostaglandins and is increased by release of histamine

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2
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Too many hormones like substances which causes itching

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3
Q

Histamine

A

Major role in many allergic reaction

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4
Q

Treatment for Pruritus

A

Anti-histamine
- Benadryl
(Don’t take while operating vehicles or machinery) makes you drowsy
(If its allergic to reaction)

2) topical steroids
-relieves itching and inflammation
(Hydrocortisone)

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5
Q

Another word for dry skin?

A

Xerosis

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6
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic inflammatory skin disorder, raised, reddened, round plaques covered by silvery white scales

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7
Q

What causes psoriasis

A

Autoimmune, stress, sun light, seasonal change, and certain meds make it worse

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8
Q

Psoriasis treatment

A 
Topical corticosteroids (decrease inflammation) 
Tar preparations 
Retinoids 
Puva 
Ultra violet B
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9
Q

Retinoids

A

Tretinoin (atralin)
Tazarotene (tazorac)
Isotretinoin (accutane)

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10
Q

Retinoids facts

A

1) They decrease the lesions
2) Last choice if other tx don’t work
3) Check liver function & lipid test b4, during, and after
4) Harmful to the liver and fetus
5) Take pregnancy test & can’t take is prego
6) Don’t drink alcohol & no vitamin a!!!

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11
Q

Puva

A

Photo chemotherapy

  • uses methoxsalen
  • done 2-3xs a week & 10-20xs over 1-2months
  • avoid sun 8-12hrs after
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12
Q

Ultraviolet B

A

Light is used to tx psoriasis

  • light decreases growth of epidermal cells
  • careful assessment necessary to prevent severe burning
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13
Q

Acne

A

Disorder of the oil glands

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14
Q

What are the two types of acne

A

Acne vulgaris: common in teens and middle aged adults

Acne rosacea: rosy looks occurs on face, common in middle age and older adults

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15
Q

Treatment for acne

A

Benzoyl peroxide: main over the counter Ned for acne

  • inhibits bacteria growth
  • can be mixed with antibiotics

Retinoids (tretinoin, accutane)
- used for severe inflammation

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16
Q

Sunburn

A

Light skin complexion, lack of sun protection; burning of skin while in direct sunlight for a long time

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17
Q

When should you avoid the sun

A

10-4pm

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18
Q

Treatment for sunburn

A

Mild lotion/spray
-topical anesthetic (numbs the body)
(Benzocaine, dibucaine, & tetracaine)

Complementary therapy

  • aloe
  • golden seal
  • peppermint oil
19
Q

Candidiasis infection (yeast)

A

Caused by Candida albicans, a yeast like fungus aka (thrush)

20
Q

What’s the treatment for thrush

A 
Antifungal medication 
-nystatin (mycostatin) 
-swish, spit, or swallow when taking 
-avoid alcohol, exposure to sun 
You must complete the whole prescription!!
21
Q

Herpes simplex

A
  • cold sore or blister
  • caused by hs1 or hs2
  • above the waist is hs1
  • below the waist genital herpes is hs2
  • vesicles process through pustules, ulcers, & crusting until healing in 10-14days
22
Q

How long do you usually have herpes for ?

A

I10-14 days

23
Q

What is herpes zoster ?

A

Shingles ; viral infection caused by varicella zoster (chicken pox)
- painful vesicles on the face, trunk, and thorax

24
Q

Another word for chicken pox

A

Varicella zoster

25
Q

Definition of Pruritus

A

Itching sensation (urge to scratch)

26
Q

What’s the recovery for shingles ?

A

4-6 weeks

27
Q

What is post therapeutic neuralgia ?

A

Pain that travels after lesions been healed

28
Q

What’s the treatment for shingles

A

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

  • admin with food or empty stomach
  • take meds at 1st site of an outbreak
29
Q

What is pediculosis?

A

Lice

- sticks to the hair shaft, hard to get off

30
Q

What are the 3 types of lice ?

A
  • corpis (body lice)
  • capilus (head lice)
  • & pubis (pubic lice)
31
Q

What’s the Tx for pediculosis?

A

Permethrin (NIX) 1st line of therapy

Medication that contains: gamma benzene hexachloride (Lindane) (second line of treatment, serious side effect: seizures)

32
Q

Scabies

A

Infestation caused by the female mite

Can be found between fingers, inner elbow & wrist

33
Q

Scabies treatment

A

Lindane & kwell

  • applied to entire skin surface
  • serious side effect (seizures)
34
Q

What are the 4 types of burns ?

A
  • thermal
  • chemical
  • electrical
  • radiation
35
Q

What are the different burn depth?

A

Superficial- involves only the epidermis
Partial thickness- superficial or deep entire dermis involved
Full thickness- involves all layer of skin

36
Q

What are the rules of 9

A

I way to estimate percentage affected by burn injury

37
Q

Rule of nine percentages

A 
Anterior & posterior head, neck: 9% (individual, 4.5%) 
Arms: 18% (individual 9%) 
Trunk: 36% (individual 18%)
Peri: 1% 
Legs: 36% (individual 18%)
38
Q

What’s the treatments for burns ?

A

Mafenide acetate
Silver nitrate
Silver sulfadiazine

39
Q

Mafenide acetate (sulfamylon)

A

Used to treat burns to reduce the bacteria present

  • give patient med before (med causes pain)
  • monitor for allergic reaction
40
Q

Silver nitrate

A

Prevent burn infections; used in gauze dressings twice a day

  • causes skin & dressing to turn black
  • monitor s/ax of infection, swelling, weight gain, and breathing difficulty
41
Q

Silver sulfadiazine (silvadene)

A

Prevents sepsis in burns

  • monitor wbc
  • lekopenia can develop
  • itching & rash : side effect
42
Q

What should you monitor the 1st three days for burns?

A 
Monitor 
Fluid imbalance 
Demand for O2 
Hypervolemia 
Shock
43
Q

What do you give a patient with burns with fluid resuscitation?

A

Lactate ringer

Goal is 30-50ml/hr urine output

44
Q

MRSA infection tx

A 
Contact precaution 
Monitor: daily weights, intake/output, and hydration 
Small high protein meals 
Admin antibiotics 
Premeditated b4 dressing changes 
Pain meds PRN

Integ (1 decks)

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