Skin Disorders Flashcards
Erythema
diffuse redness over the skin
- primary skin lesion
- eg:macule
Ecchymosis
blue-black bruise
Petechia
small purplish hemmorhagic spots on the skin
Turgor
measuse of the skin elasticity and hydration
Alopecia
absence or lost of hair
Terms to describe lesions : WHEAL
- irregularly shaped , white in center and red around
- flat
- caused by edema , hives , insect bites
Pustule
small elevation that contain pus
eg:impetigo , scabies & acne
Vesicles
- blister like ,filled with clear serous fluid
- eg :shingles , chicken pox , poison ivy
Papule
palpable ,raised solid elevation
eg:ringworm , rosea , wart , mole
Macule
- flat ,nonpalpable
- change in skin color
- smaller than 1cm eg:freckles , rebulla , scarlet fever
Know types of drainage : SANGUINEOUS
bloody drainage
Serosanguineous
mixed with serous and sangunious
-pale ,watery , red
Purulent
- pus
- infection
Serous
clear , yellowish fluid
Define the following Skin condition and treatment for each : HERPES ZOSTER
patient had chicken pox ,
-then it lead to shingles ,which are painful , burns
TREATMENT: cool moist compresses
- antiviral agent (ACYCLOVIR)
-antipruritics and corticorsteriods
-analgesics
-(nsaids )
Tinea (ringworm)
TREATMENT : ANTIFUNGAL OINTMENT , ORAL GRISEOFULVIN isolate clothing , /linen
Pediculosis (LICE)
TREATMENT :ANTIPARASTETIC
- special shampoos ,
- comb out with fine tooth comb(remove nits/eggs
Scabies
-mites with burrows under outer of host skin
-endemic among school children
threadlike brownish , linear burrows up to 1cm long
TREATMENT :antiparasitics
topical antiscabies creams/lotions
KWELL ,SCABENE
CROTAMITON(EURAX) OR
PEREMETHRIN (5% ELIMITE )
Psoriasis
chronic non infectious skin inflammation
shedding , slivery white scaling
affect - knee, elbows and shin, elbows
TREATMENT : daily soaks and tepid wet compresses to affect areas and remove scales
CALCIPOTRIENE (DOVONEX ) & razarotene (tazorac )
photo chemotherapy
a puva light therapy
Eczema
atopic dermatitis
What is a keloid ?
Painless benign , overgrowth that develop at the site of scar / trauma / burn
- occur more often in darkskinned indivulals
What questions would be included For a history of a skin problem ?
when it started symptoms loss of sensation cosmetics anything changes to soap
How is herpes simplex spread ?
spread by contact
cold sores - occurs on face ,lips
TREATMENT :antiviral (zovirax) acyclovir
Describe measures to relieve itching ?
hydrocorticone
lipid bath
Describe teaching for the patient needing to apply topical medication ?
wash hands before and after
What patient teaching points would you include for a patient with an infectious skin disease ?
handwashing
do not share towel , linens , clothes
Discuss measures for skin care & prevention of pressure ulcers , lift sheets to prevent shearing force , list risk factors of akin breakdown ?
immobility
positioning with pillows
What intervention would you choose for a patient with a disfiguring skin disorder ?
therapeutic communication
active listiening
Describe the treatment for pediculosis ?
special shampoo
fine tooth comb to remove nots
skin isolation precaution
Know types of skin graft : ALLOGRAFT
from cadaver or other persons
Autograft
- from self
- intact skin from another part of the patients body
- less rejection
Homografts
from cadaver or other persons
Xenografts
from an animal usually a pig
Deacribe Emergency treatment for burns ?
airway breathing and circulation - because of smoke inhalation
Why do burn patients have swelling ?
because of inflammation
intracellular swelling
Electrolyte imbalance , Sodium & potassium
Describe burn wound care ?
sterile technique antibiotic to prevent infection antimicrobial debribment - world pool / water therapy medicate pt 30 before debribment if pus - report to RN
What are complications of IV therapy ?
pulmonary edema
swelling
infiltration - puncture in vein and fluid leaking out
Differentiate between an acute vs a chronic wound ?
acute last less than 6 months -medicate q2hrs
chronic last longer than 6 months
what are signs that a mole can be cancerous ?
A- Asymmetry
B-boarder irregularity
C- color variation
D- diameter 6mm- 1/2 inch
no tanning bed for skin cancer
Rule of 9
entire head and neck -9% front is -18% back is _18% arms are -9% each ...both arms -18% each leg -18% each penis -1%
impetigo
a bacterial infection \
caused by strep or staph
is honey color crusted
is treated with topical of systemic antibiotic
