Skin Diseases Flashcards
Describe Psoriasis
Non-infectious inflammatory disorder.
Do not get from someone else.
S & S of Psoriasis?
Thick, flaky, scaling areas that are dry, cracked and encrusted. Seen on elbows, knees, back, etc.
Treatment and Prevention of Psoriasis?
T = UV light and cortical creams P = No cure; keep skin moist so it doesn't break open.
What is Urticaria (Hives)?
Red, raised bumps that can turn into boils. Normally an allergic reaction (may be shellfish or a food additive).
S & S of Urticaria (Hives)?
Patient will break out head to toe with itchy red raised bumps. May be caused by heat, cold, water, sunlight.
Treatment of Urticaria (Hives)?
T = antihistamine, cortisone cream, epinephrine for anaphylactic response.
What is Acne Vulgaris?
Inflammation of sebaceous gland and hair follicle; characterized by comedones, papules, and pustules.
S & S of Acne Vulgaris?
Open or closed comedone, rupture of the acne plug, inflammation, and acne pustules; scars if chronic irritation continues
Treatment for Acne Vulgaris?
Topical medication - benzoyl peroxide - reduces bacteria
You want to reduce scarring so treat asap.
What is Rosacea?
Red appearance on forehead, cheeks, nose, and chin.
Caused by alcohol, stress
Not fungal
Pre-Rosacea?
Just red appearance. Blushing or flushing
Vesicular Rosacea?
Vessels become more prominent.
Inflammatory stage of Rosacea?
Where you see more pustules.
Treatment and Prevention?
T = reduce inflammation through topical steroid creams
sometimes oral medication
P = reduce outbreaks and avoid anything that causes it.
Describe Keratosis Pilaris?
overproduction of carotene.
S & S of Keratosis Pilaris?
mostly flesh colored, but sometimes red, bumps in predictable places.
back of arms, the buttocks, sometimes face and thigh
*normally 10yo or older
Treatment and Prevention of Keratosis Pilaris?
Reduce inflammation with lotions, creams, ointments, topical steroids
stop overproduction of carotene.
Describe Alopecia Areata?
Absence or loss of hair
Scaring and Non-scaring
Difference between scarring and non-scarring alopecia?
with scarring - lose hair follicle and have permanent hair loss
Non-scarring - may have hair loss but hair follicle may still be viable and hope to regain hair.
Treatment and Prevention of Alopecia?
Scarring: no treatment
Non-scarring: Minoxidil or redistribution of hair follicles
What is Folliculitis//Carbuncles?
Folliculitis - infected hair follicle caused by staph bacteria.
S & S of Folliculitis?
Pain in area
tender
swollen
Treatment of
Good Hygeine and reduce inflammation with compress
topical antibiotic
*sometimes incision to drain
What is a Furuncle?
Abcess of entire hair follicle and treated by drainage.
What is a carbuncle?
Multiple furuncles in hair follicles with multiple drainage sinuses
What is pediculosis?
Infestation of lice on body, scalp, and pubic area
S&S of pediculosis?
Nits on hair
Lice on clothing or skin
Treatment of pediculosis?
Permethrin rinse on scalp
Wash everything with soap and water
What is Dermatophytosis (on skin)?
Fungal infections living on skin
What is tinea capitis?
Fungal infection of head. -contagious itching of scalp
What is Tinea Corporis?
Fungal infection of body. ringworm - lesions ringed and scaled with small vesicles
What is tiena unguium?
Fungal of nail. tip of nail appears lusterless and brittle
What is tinea pedis?
Fungal infection of foot. Athletes foot- constant itching, burning, stinging,
What is tinea cruris?
Fungal infection of groin (crotch). - red, raised, itching lesions.
Treatment for fungal infections?
Anti-fungal medication (topical or oral).
Loose clothing.
What is Candidiasis?
involves mucus membranes
Oral candidiasis - thrush
genital - vaginal thick white discharge, burning, redness
Can be sexually transmitted
What is Scabies?
Skin infection from mites that burrows in skin and poops.
S&S of Scabies?
Itchy, red, lines in fingers, wrists, elbows, waist, nipples, buttocks, and genitalia.
Treatment of Scabies?
Application of permethrin.
What is Impetigo?
Bacterial infection cause by staph infection.
-Normally around nose.
S&S of impetigo?
Gold colored crust
Treatment for Impetigo?
Antibiotic - topical or oral
Warts are caused by _______?
a virus
What is Vitiligo?
destroyed melanin resulting in depigmentation or white patches on skin.
S&S of Vitiligo?
White patches on skin.
can cover with makeup or corticosteroids
What is Scleroderma?
degenerative and fibrous changes in skin, blood vessels, skeletal muscles and internal organs
S&S of Scleroderma?
Discoloration of fingers and toes after change in temperature.
Pain, stiffness and swelling of fingers and joints.
Treatment of Scleroderma?
Chemotherapy
immunosuppressive drugs
What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Overproduction of sebaceous secretions.
S&S of Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Dandruff on face or scalp
Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis?
shampoo
antifungals
steroid creams
not curable but can improve
What is contact dermatitis?
Skin inflammation caused by direct contact with an irritant.
*metals, poison ivy
Treatment of contact dermatitis?
Cleansed from irritant
topical corticosteroids
S&S of Contact Dermatitis?
Small skin vesicles that ooze, scale, itch, burn, or sting
may be hot and swollen
What is Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)?
Skin inflammation and itching.
*Asthma or allergies
S&S of Atopic Dermatitis?
Lesions on face, neck, upper trunk, and bend of knees and elbows
Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis?
hydration
Creams and moisturizing lotions
topical steroids
What are Cold Sores and Fever Blisters (herpes virus)?
Skin eruptions around mouth, lips, nose, or mucous membrane in mouth
S&S of Cold Sores and Fever Blisters (herpes virus)?
small pale vesicle (fliud filled) lesions individually or in a cluster on lips or mouth. tingling first
lesions eventually break forming ulcers or crusts
Treatment for Cold Sores and Fever Blisters?
Oral antiviral
What is Herpes Zoster?
Causes chicken pox
eruption of painful vesicles on trunk or face
S&S Of Herpes Zoster?
Painful skin rash develops into vesicles
Treatment of Herpes of Zoster?
Antiviral, analgesics
vaccine
Describe Skin Carcinomas.
- Basal Cell - Mohs surgery for treatment
- Squamous Cell - firm, red nodules with visible scales
- Malignant Melanoma - dark irregular lesion ABCDE’s of skin cancer
Treatment for Skin Cancer?
Surgery, radiation, laser, Mohs surgery - avoid overexposure of sun
What causes a red butterfly rash on face?
Skin condition - Malar rash - LUPUS Disease
