Skin Conditions in Children Flashcards
What is fifth disease?
It is caused by a parvovirus. The condition happens after a cold.
Redness on cheeks (slapped cheek)
Affected from 5-7 years old
Fifth disease will last 2 weeks to 1 month, but will resolve itself
What is Roseola (sixth disease)?
It is a viral condition
Starts with a high fever/cold and maculopapular (red bumps) bumps appear.
Affect 2-3 years olds
Treat the fever, but does not affect chance for sixth disease. No treatment needed for rash itself.
What is Hand/Foot/Mouth Disease?
It is a viral disease that is passed from the gut.
Starts with a cold and fever for 2 days followed by 2 days of mouth sores, and another 2 days of rash on the hands and feet
Affect kids under 5
Fairly mild condition
Can be hard to diagnose before sores and rash appear
What is Molluscum?
It is a viral condition(similar to warts)
Spread via skin-to-skin contact. Scratching can spread molluscum across skin
Takes 12-18 months to resolve on its own, so it is usually froze off to prevent embarassment
What is Erythema toxicum?
Sounds a lot worse than it really is
flat red splotches, white pimple-like bump in the middle
Seen in the first few days of life (7-14 days)
Generally benign
What is Milia?
Used to be called pediatric acne
It looks like folliculitis. It is a gathering of sebum (requires no treatment)
What is impetigo?
This is a bacterial condition. Most common bacterial infection in kids
Found in kids 2-5
Involves lesions on the face. It presents itself with vesicles –> pustules–> honey-coloured crust
Self-limited to 2 to 3 weeks.
Pharmacists can prescribe appropriate antibiotics for impetigo
What should pharmacist do if a lesion looks like atypical impetigo?
Refer atypical cases, prescribe for typical impetigo
What is bullous impetigo?
In addition to lesions commonly associated with impetigo, blisters occur on the trunk of infants and young children
What is Ecthyma?
A more serious form of impetigo. It occurs when staph infection is deeper in the tissues
Painful fluid- or pus-filled sores that turn into deep ulcers
What are the most common skin rashes in children?
Eczema (itchier and less crusts)
Contact dermatitis (itchy and potentially painful)
Herpes simplex (cold sores can be painful, tingling, and exudate clear fluid) they can be anticipated. They are found on the lips
Impetigo (cold sore-like lesions not on the lips)
Shingles (reactivation of chickenpox virus)
Is polysporin with antibiotics an adequate treatment for impetigo?
No, polysporin is far too weak for impetigo
This is where we use Medsask resources to prescribe stronger prescription
Are most bacterial skin infections caused by gram-negative bacteria?
No, most bacterial skin infections are caused by gram-positive bacteria (ex. stapholococcus)
What is the significance of Polysoporin Complete?
It contains separate antibiotics that can eliminate gram positive and negative bacteria
It also contains low concentration of lidocaine (low-level anesthetic)
Why are ointments more effective than creams?
Ointments are more occulusive, they hold onto more moisture and promote faster healing vs. creams
What is a good topical antibiotic for impetigo?
Mupirocin 2% and Fucidin 2% are both great options
Apply to affected areas three times a day for up to 10 days
If condition is not trending down, refer to an MD for closer inspection
Should crusts be removed before applying topical antibiotics?
If crusts are very thick, use warm water compress to soften them first, then remove for better antibiotic contact and efficacy
What is folliculitis?
Associated with ingrown hairs and shaving. These are risk factors for the infection of a hair follicle
There are afew types of folliculitis:
Bacterial folliculitis
Hot tub folliculitis
Razor bumps
Boils (furuncles and carbuncles)–> deeply infected hair follicles (staph)
What is a good antibiotic for the different types of folliculitis?
If it is deep seated in a boil, refer to doctor and get oral antibiotic
If infection is closer to the skin surface, pharmacists can prescribe Mupirocin 2% and Fucidin 2%
Can furuncles and carbuncles be treated with topical antibiotics?
Depends how deeply seated the infection is, we need to question if a topical agent is strong enough to penetrate lesion. Referral to MD is a valid decision if they need extra attention
Can a topical antibiotic penetrate a lesion like a boil?
No definitive answer, make judgements based on how bad it looks. Refer worse cases to MD and treat lighter cases
What is mononucleosis?
It is a viral condition. Feels like a long-term cold in combination with aches, pains, and rashes
What are the four main viral diseases that children are vaccinated for?
Measles (harder on kids than Rubella)
Mumps (mainly hits the jaw gland, characterized by “hamster face”)
Rubella (german measles)
Chickenpox (Itchier than measles, small vesicles that crust over)
Besides preventative measures like vaccines, no great treatment options
What vaccines have the worst skin reactions?
Chickenpox and Measles
