Skin conditions

Question 1

how does scabies appear?

Answer 1

-red sports with silvery interlinking lines- usually in webbing of fingers and toes

Question 2

what is the treatment for scabies? who gets treated

Answer 2

-apply malathion or permethrin twice one week apart
-apply to whole body including scalp, neck, face and ears
-treat all members
-avoid physical contact with other members of the family

Question 3

how do you treat headline no medication?

Answer 3

-wet combing= comb for 30mins at 4 days intervals till no lice found for 3 sessions (min 2 weeks )

Question 4

how do you treat headline with medication?

Answer 4

-dimeticone- apply for 8 hrs to dry naturally- repeated after 7 days
-malathion- apply for 12hrs to dry naturally -repeated after 7 days, avoid in severe eczema or asthma due to alcohol contents
-benzyl benzoate and permethrin -not recommend

Question 5

what is eczema?

Answer 5

dry, flaky skin small red spots

Question 6

what are the different types of eczema?

Answer 6

irritant, allergic, contact and atopic

Question 7

what is the treatment for eczema?

Answer 7

-emollients- either apply, bath and or shower emollients, avoid aqueous area due to high risk of skin reactions
-topical corticosteriods- can be used mild steroids for face and genitals
-antihistamines
-mild-mod pimecrolimus
-mod-sev tacrolimus
-severe refractory eczema- systemic meds: ciclosporin, azathioprine, mycophenonolate, MoAbs

Question 7

when wouldn’t you use anti-histamines to treat?

Answer 7

atopic dermatitis

Question 8

what is psoriasis?

Answer 8

skin thickening and silverly white scaling, raised and larger patches/ plaques. systemic, immune-mediates inflammatory skin disease can be in joints too (called psoriatic arthritis)

Question 9

what is used to treat psoriasis?

Answer 9

-emollients
-topical corticosteriods
-coal tar preparations
-vit D (topical or analogues)

Question 10

what can be done if topical therapy doesnt work?

Answer 10

-phototherapy- UVA/UVB through trained professional
-systemic treatment: methotrexate, ciclosporin, or acitretin (second line)

Question 11

what difeernt levels of topical corticisteriods can be used to treat different conditions? potents

Answer 11

mild: hydrocortisone
moderate: clobetasone
potent: betamethasone
very potent: clobetasol

Question 12

what happens due to prolonged use of topical corticosteriods? directions?

Answer 12

-skin thinning
-apply thinly
-dont apply to broken skin
-OTC should be given normally for max 7 days

Question 13

what is used to treat acne?

Answer 13

-adapalene
-benzoyl peroxide
-clindamycin
-lyme/doxycycline
-erythromycin

Question 14

what I used to treat severe acne?

Answer 14

isotretinoin

Question 15

what are some MHRA warnings for isotretinoin?

Answer 15

-pregnancy prevention programme (teratogenic )= contraception take 1 month before and till 1 month after, each prescription limited to 30 days supply
-rare erectile dysfunction and decreased libido

Question 16

why may peoples mood change when taking isotretinoin?

Answer 16

there’s a risk of neuropsychiatric reaction, should seek medical attention

Question 17

what is the cautions for using isotretinoin?

Answer 17

-avoid UV light, laser skin treatment, dermabrasion and epilation

Question 18

how do you treat different scalp and hair conditions ? dandruff?

Answer 18

-dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis)= ~treat with antimicrobials: pyrithione zinc, selenium, tar extracts
~more persistent or severe dandruff: ketoconazole shampoo
~psoriasis of the scalp: coal tar and salicylic acid

Question 19

how do you treat different scalp and hair conditions ? hirsutism (hormonal or due to drugs)

Answer 19

-weight loss can reduce this in women
-can treat wit Glaser therapy, eflornithine or co-cyprindiol

Question 20

how do you treat different scalp and hair conditions ? alopecia ?

Answer 20

finasteride or minoxidil