skin cancer

Question 1

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 1

most common
rarely fatal
localized tumors

Question 2

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 2

prognosis depends on metastasis

Question 3

melanoma

Answer 3

present in epidermis and dermis
occasionally in subq tissues
most lethal of all skin cancers
most common in middle aged people

Question 4

melanoma in men

Answer 4

increasing in occurrence

mostly head, neck, and trunk

Question 5

melanoma in women

Answer 5

mostly lower extremities

Question 6

lentigo maligna melanoma

Answer 6

slowly evolving pigmented lesion
occurs first on sun-exposed skin
begins as a flat and tan spot
changes in size and color

Question 7

nodular melanoma

Answer 7

spherical blueberry-like nodule
dome shaped
smooth and uniform surface

Question 8

acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM)

Answer 8

occurs in areas not exposed to sun
hair follicles absent
irregularly shaped pigment that develops nodules
poor prognosis

Question 9

mucosal lentiginous melanoma (MLM)

Answer 9

arise from epidermal melanocytes
mucosal membrane of resp and GI tracts, conjunctiva
highest mortality rate

Question 10

nursing assessment of melanoma

Answer 10

inspection
ask about specifics: pruritis, pain, changes in moles, new pigmented lesions
knowledge of risk factors

Question 11

A
B
C
D

Answer 11

asymmetry
borders (irregular)
color
diameter

Question 12

nursing diagnoses for melanoma

Answer 12

acute pain
anxiety r/t condition
depression r/t condition
deficient knowledge

Question 13

nursing goals for care of melanoma pt

Answer 13

pain relief
reduce anxiety
increase knowledge of signs
absence of complications

Question 14

nursing interventions for melanoma

Answer 14

control pain with analgesics
comfort measures
emotional support

Question 15

autograft

Answer 15

pt’s own skin

Question 16

allograft/homograft

Answer 16

donor skin from same species

Question 17

xenograft/heterograft

Answer 17

donor skin from other species, usually pig skin

Question 18

split-thickness

Answer 18

used to cover large areas

Question 19

full-thickness

Answer 19

epidermis and dermis without underlying fatty tissue

used for wounds too large to be closed directly

Question 20

flap grafts

Answer 20

segment of tissue that remains attached at one end while other end is grafted to recipient site

Question 21

nursing diagnoses for facial reconstructive surgery

Answer 21

ineffective airway clearance
pain
imbalanced nutrition
impaired verbal communication
disturbed body image
anxiety
impaired coping mechanisms
knowledge deficit

Question 22

nursing interventions for facial reconstructive surgery

Answer 22

education for pt and family
monitor airway, monitor for s/s hypoxia, elevate HOB
pain mgmt
wound care, aseptic technique
oral hygiene
nutritional status
communication (address needs pre-op)