skin cancer Flashcards
(22 cards)
basal cell carcinoma
most common
rarely fatal
localized tumors
squamous cell carcinoma
prognosis depends on metastasis
melanoma
present in epidermis and dermis
occasionally in subq tissues
most lethal of all skin cancers
most common in middle aged people
melanoma in men
increasing in occurrence
mostly head, neck, and trunk
melanoma in women
mostly lower extremities
lentigo maligna melanoma
slowly evolving pigmented lesion
occurs first on sun-exposed skin
begins as a flat and tan spot
changes in size and color
nodular melanoma
spherical blueberry-like nodule
dome shaped
smooth and uniform surface
acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM)
occurs in areas not exposed to sun
hair follicles absent
irregularly shaped pigment that develops nodules
poor prognosis
mucosal lentiginous melanoma (MLM)
arise from epidermal melanocytes
mucosal membrane of resp and GI tracts, conjunctiva
highest mortality rate
nursing assessment of melanoma
inspection
ask about specifics: pruritis, pain, changes in moles, new pigmented lesions
knowledge of risk factors
A
B
C
D
asymmetry
borders (irregular)
color
diameter
nursing diagnoses for melanoma
acute pain
anxiety r/t condition
depression r/t condition
deficient knowledge
nursing goals for care of melanoma pt
pain relief
reduce anxiety
increase knowledge of signs
absence of complications
nursing interventions for melanoma
control pain with analgesics
comfort measures
emotional support
autograft
pt’s own skin
allograft/homograft
donor skin from same species
xenograft/heterograft
donor skin from other species, usually pig skin
split-thickness
used to cover large areas
full-thickness
epidermis and dermis without underlying fatty tissue
used for wounds too large to be closed directly
flap grafts
segment of tissue that remains attached at one end while other end is grafted to recipient site
nursing diagnoses for facial reconstructive surgery
ineffective airway clearance pain imbalanced nutrition impaired verbal communication disturbed body image anxiety impaired coping mechanisms knowledge deficit
nursing interventions for facial reconstructive surgery
education for pt and family monitor airway, monitor for s/s hypoxia, elevate HOB pain mgmt wound care, aseptic technique oral hygiene nutritional status communication (address needs pre-op)
