Skin Cancer Flashcards
what are the major criteria for melanoma?
change in shape, size, colour
what are the minor criteria for melanoma?
diameter over 6mm
bleeding
sensory change
inflammation
what does ABCD in melanoma stand for?
asymmetry (shape and colour)
border (irregular)
colour (more than 1 colour)
diameter (over 6mm)
what are the main 4 types of melanoma?
superficial spreading melanoma
nodular melanoma
lentigo maligna melanoma
acral lentiginous melanoma
what is the best indicator for melanoma prognosis?
breslow thickness
What does multistep carcinogeness model?
genetic alterations and epigenetic alterations
what is the main cell process that cancers have to overcome to survive?
cell senescence!
by activating telemerase and blocking p53 or p16-RB
why is UV a complete carcinogen?
mutagenic and immunosuppressive
which keratinocyte cancer is genetically homogeneous?
basal cell carcinoma
what mutations in hedgehog signalling cause BCC?
inactivating mutation in patched (90% cases)
activating mutation in smoothened
what gene mutation occurs very early for SCC precursors and SCCs?
p53
what skin cancer changes happen with organ transplant patients
field carcinogenesis
viral oncogenesis
spindle cell cancer
