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Human Diseases > Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Skin Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

How many people will develop basal cell carcinoma in a class of 100?

A

25

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2
Q

How many people will develop squamous cell carcinoma in a class of 100?

A

10

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3
Q

How many people will develop melanoma in a class of 100?

A

3-4

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4
Q

What are the types of skin cancer?

A

Melanoma and non-melanoma

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5
Q

What are the types of non-melanoma?

A

Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

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6
Q

What type of cancer is melanoma?

A

Melanocyte cancers

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7
Q

What type of cancer is non-melanoma?

A

Keratinocyte cancers

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8
Q

What are the features of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Slow growing, painless, and rolled pearly edge

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9
Q

What are the types of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Nodular, superficial, pigmented, morpheic, and basosquamous

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10
Q

What are the risk factors for developing basal cell carcinoma?

A

Fair skin, intermittent UV exposure, personal history of BCC, prior treatment with ionising radiation, genetic syndromes such as nevoid BCC syndrome, chronic arsenic exposure, and immunosuppression

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11
Q

What is the peak age of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Approximately 70 years

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12
Q

What is the surgical management of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Simple standard excision, flap surgery, MOHS surgery

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13
Q

What is the destructive management for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Electrodessication and curettage, cryotherapy, lasers, and radiotherapy

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14
Q

What is the topical management of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Topical 5-FU, imiquimod, and photodynamic therapy

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15
Q

What is topical 5-FU?

A

Topical 5-fluorouracil

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16
Q

What is the systemic management for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Chemotherapy, retinoids, new target therapy (SMO-inhibitors)

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17
Q

What are the features of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Quick growing and painful

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18
Q

What are the causes of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

UV radiation exposure, increasing age, male at birth, lighter skin, tobacco, alcohol, and HPV infection

19
Q

What is ultraviolet A (UVA)?

A

Longer wavelength, aging

20
Q

What is ultraviolet B (UVB)?

A

Short wavelength, burning

21
Q

What do UVA and UVB cause?

A

DNA damage and mutation

22
Q

What can even one sunbed session increase your risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma by?

A

67%

23
Q

What can even one sunbed session increase your risk of developing basal cell carcinoma by?

A

29%

24
Q

What do using sunbeds for first time before age of 35 increase your risk of melanoma by?

A

60%

25
Q

What is the effect of one blistering sunburn in childhood or adolescene?

A

More than doubles your chances of developing melanoma later in life?

26
Q

What are the Fitzpatrick skin types?

A

Pale white skin, white skin, light brown skin, moderate brown skin, dark brown skin, and deeply pigmented dark brown to black skin

27
Q

What do all skin colours have the same number of?

A

Melanocytes

28
Q

What is the difference in light and dark skin?

A

The number of melanosomes

29
Q

Why is dark skin dark?

A

Tyrosine kinase polymerization and 1 melanocyte: 5 keratinocytes

30
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A

Produce melanin, which absorbs UV waves and prevents DNA damage to the keratinocytes

31
Q

What is the function of keratinocytes?

A

Stimulate melanocyte functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and melanogenesis

32
Q

What are the five ways to protect yourself from skin cancer?

A

Slip, slip, slap, seek, and slide

33
Q

What is the treatment of keratinocyte skin cancers from least to most side effects?

A

Topical creams (imiquimod, effudix), curettage and cautery, Mohs surgery, conventional surgery, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and combined therapies

34
Q

What is the range of conventional surgery?

A

LA excision with primary closure (20 mins, straight home) to GA, wide excision including bone, parotidectomy, neck dissection, free flap reconstruction (10 hours and 14 days in hospital)

35
Q

What are the features of a lesion in melanoma?

A

Asymmetry, border, uneven colour, diameter >7mm, and evolving

36
Q

What are the features of a lesion in melanoma?

A

Change in size of lesion, irregular pigmentation, irregular border, inflammation, itch/altered sensation, larger than other lesions (diameter >7mm), and oozing/crusting of lesion

37
Q

What is stage 0 of melanoma?

A

Confined to epidermal region of skin

38
Q

What is stage I of melanoma?

A

Localised disease, only in skin and very thin

39
Q

What is stage II of melanoma?

A

Localised disease, thicker than stage I

40
Q

What is stage III of melanoma?

A

Spread to lymph nodes

41
Q

What is stage IV of melanoma?

A

Spread to other organs

42
Q

What is key for melonocyte skin cancers?

A

Depth

43
Q

What is the treatment of melanocyte skin cancer?

A

Topical creams (imiquimod, effudix), conventional surgery, immunotherapy (cempilimab, vismodegib)

Human Diseases (2 decks)

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