Skin & Body Membranes Flashcards
1
Q
cover surfaces, line body cavities, and form protective sheets around organs
A
body membranes
2
Q
3 epithelial membranes
A
cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, serous membrane
3
Q
type of connective membrane
A
synovial membrane
4
Q
simple organ consisting of an epithelial sheet bound to an underlying layer of connective tissue proper
A
epithelial membranes
5
Q
skin
A
cutaneous membrane
6
Q
dry membrane
A
cutaneous membrane
7
Q
contains the epidermis and dermis
A
cutaneous membrane
8
Q
composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
A
epidermis
9
Q
mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue
A
dermis
10
Q
moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment
A
mucous membrane
11
Q
adapted for absorption and secretion
A
mucous membrane
12
Q
mucous membrane is located in the (2)
A
respiratory and digestive tract
13
Q
composed of epithelium resting on a loose connective tissue membrane called a
A
mucous membrane
14
Q
loose connective tissue in mucous membrane
A
lamina propria
15
Q
Membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body
A
serous membrane
16
Q
A clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane.
A
serous fluid
17
Q
joins and connects bones together
A
connective tissue membranes
18
Q
where are connective tissue membranes found
A
joints
19
Q
the synovial membrane has
A
loose areolar CT
20
Q
why does the synovial membrane takes time to heal
A
bc of the poor to no blood supply
21
Q
what lines the fibrous capsules surrounding joints
A
synovial membrane
22
Q
the synovial membrane surrounds the
A
bursae & tendon sheaths
23
Q
what does synovial secretes to cushion organs during muscle activty
A
lubricating fluid
24
Q
for insulation and cushion; protection against water loss, microbes, UV light, bumps and cuts, acids and bases, heat or cold
A
integumentary system
25
why does the integumentary maintain temperature
homeostasis
26
for excretion of wastes
integumentary system
27
the integumentary system produces Vitamin_
D
28
UV light stimulates the production of
VitD
29
Layers of the Skin
dermis and epidermis
30
capable of being hard and tough
epidermis
31
what epithelial tissue is present in the epidermis
stratified squamous epithelium - keratinized
32
what cell produces keratin
keratinocytes
33
poor to no blood supply
avascular
34
5 layers of epidermis
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
35
deepest layer of the epidermis
stratum basale
36
the cells in stratum basale undergo
mitosis
37
which are actively dividing in stratum basale
stem cells
38
in stratum basale what cells are pushed upward to become superficial layers
daughter cells
39
thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin
stratum spinosum
40
what are evident in the stratum granulosum
keratinocytes
41
has many granules
stratum granulosum
42
stratum lucidum are formed from
dead cels
43
occurs in thick hairless skin of the palms and soles
stratum lucidum
44
outermost layer of the epidermis
stratum corneum
45
stratum corneum are filled with
keratin
46
shingle-like dead cells
stratum corneum
47
makes the skin a dry membrane
keratin
48
protective protein and prevents water loss from skin
keratin
49
pigment that produces melanin
melanocytes
50
where are melanocytes most commonly found
stratum basale
51
melanin accumulates in membrane-bound granules called
melanosomes
52
the amount of melanin produced depends on the
genetics and exposure to sunlight
53
Alert and active immune cells to a threat (bacterial or
viral invasion)
epidermal denditric cells
54
merkel cells are associated with
sensory nerve endings
55
serve as touch receptors
merkel discs
56
CT underlying the epidermis
dermis
57
2 layers of dermis
papillary layer and reticular layer
58
papillary layer contain projections called
dermal papillae
59
it is on the palm and sole surface; house touch and pain receptors
papillary layer
60
what does papillary layer do
increase prediction and gripping ability
61
deepest skin layer of dermis
reticular layer
62
reticular layer contains the (3)
blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, lamellar corpuscles
63
cutaneous sensory receptors, Phagocytes, Collagen and elastic fibers, Blood vessels
dermis
64
a sense organ of the skin for pressure (kurot)
pacinian corpuscles
65
a sense organ of the skin for pain
nociceptor
66
a sense organ of the skin for touch
meissner's corpuscles
67
a sense organ of the skin for heat or cold
thermoreceptor corpuscles
68
Due to embarrassment, inflammation,
hypertension, fever, or allergy
Redness (erythema)
69
Due to emotional stress (such as fear),
anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow to an area
Pallor (blanching)
70
Indicates a liver disorder
Jaundice (yellow cast)
71
hematomas
bruises (black and blue marks)
72
exocrine glands; hair, hair follicles, nails
cutaneous glands
73
Located all over the skin except for palms and soles
Sebaceous (oil) glands
74
Sebaceous (oil) glands produces ___ that makes the skin soft and moist
sebum (oil)
75
Prevents hair from becoming brittle
Sebaceous (oil) glands
76
Kills bacteria
Sebaceous (oil) glands
77
Sebaceous (oil) glands are activated during
puberty
78
for thermoregulation
sweat (sudoriferous) glands
79
Produce sweat widely distributed in the skin
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
80
Located at the rest of the body, such as face; Open via duct to sweat pores on the skin’s surface
eccrine glands
81
eccrine glands produce
acidic sweat
82
for body temperature regulation
eccrine glands
83
apocrine glands are located at
axillary and genital region
84
Begin to function at puberty
apocrine glands
85
apocrine glands release sweat that contains
fatty acids and proteins (milky or yellowish)
86
in apocrine glands, the resident microflora uses this as a food that produces foul odor
proteins and fatty acids
87
play a minimal role in body temperature
regulation
proteins and fatty acids
88
play a minimal role in body temperature
regulation
proteins and fatty acids
89
hair is produced by
hair follicle
90
hair consists of
hard keratinized epithelial cells
91
what provides pigment for hair color
melanocytees
92
where does hair grow
matrix of hair bulb in startum basale
93
hair follicle is composed of
epithelial root sheath and fibrous
sheath
94
deepest part of the hair follicle in the dermal region where it provides blood supply
hair bulb
95
connects to the hair follicle to pull hairs upright when we are cold or frightened
Arrector pili muscle
96
Heavily keratinized, scale-like modifications of the
epidermis
nail
97
where the stratum basale extends and is responsible for hair growth
nail bed
98
what causes colorless nails
lack of pigment
99
in nail anatomy, the visible attached potion is
body
100
skin folds that overlap the edges of the nail
nail folds
101
proximal edge
cuticle
102
embedded on the skin
root nails
103
Growth of the nail occurs from
nail matrix
104
most common disorders in the skin are caused by
pathogens, bacteria, viruses & fungi
105
what causes athlete's foot
fungal infection (Tinea pedis)
106
Most common dermatophyte infection
athlete's foot
107
Itchy, red peeling skin between toes
athlete's foot
108
what causes boils
inflammation of hair follicles
109
what causes carbuncles
staphylococcus aureus bacteria
110
what causes cold sores
human herpesvirus 1
111
The virus inhabits the cutaneous nerve where it
remains dormant and gets activities by emotional
upset, fever, or UV radiation
Cold sores (fever blisters)
112
Blisters itch and sting
Cold sores (fever blisters0
113
causes impetigo
staphylococcus & streptococcus bacterium
114
pink, fluid-filled raised lesions around mouth/nose
impetigo
115
Highly contagious and can be easily contracted by
individuals who touched an infected person
impetigo
116
what causes contact dermatitis
exposure to chemicals
117
provoke allergic responses such as itching, redess,
and swelling of the skin, which may progress to
blistering
Contact dermatitis
118
what causes Psoriasis
Chronic condition and an autoimmune disorder
119
Triggered by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, or
stress
psoriasis
120
Red, epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery
scales that itch, burn, crack, or sometimes bleed
psoriasis
121
Tissue damage and cell death
burns
122
Caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
burns
123
associated with Protein denaturation and cell death &
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
burns
124
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
shutdown of kidneys and circulatory shock
125
a condition in which there is an inadequate circulation of blood below blood volume
Circulatory shock
126
Result in loss of body fluids and infection from
invasion of bacteria
burns
127
burnt skin is sterile for how many hours before pathogens invade the area
24 hours
128
what is used to estimate the extent of a burn to assess the needed treatment
rule of nines
129
● Only epidermis is damaged
● Skin is red and swollen
● Temporary discomfort
● Heals within 2-3 days
First-degree burn (superficial burn)
130
ex of First-degree burn (superficial burn)
sunburn
131
● Epidermis and superficial part of dermis are damaged
● Skin is red, painful, and blistered
● Regrowth of the epithelium can occur
● Can be caused by hot water, open flames, chemicals,
electricity
Second-degree burn (partial thickness burn)
132
● Destroys epidermis and dermis and also extends to
the subcutaneous tissue
● Burned area is painless
● Requires skin grafts, as regeneration is not possible
● Burned area is blanched (gray-white) or black
Third-degree burns (full-thickness burn)
133
a surgical procedure that involves removing skin from one area of the body and transplanting it to the other area of the body
skin grafting
134
● Extends into deeper tissues (bone, muscle, tendons)
● Appears dry and leathery
● Requires surgery and grafting
● May require amputation
Fourth-degree burn (full-thickness burn)
135
Tumors arise in the skin. Most of it is benign.
cancer
136
most common types of skin cancer
● Basal cell carcinoma
● Squamous cell carcinoma
● Malignant melanoma
137
cancer are caused by
● Overexposure to UV lights
● Tanning beds
138
Least malignant and most common type of skin
cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
139
Arises from cells in stratum basale that are altered so
that they can no longer make keratin.
Basal cell carcinoma
140
lesions in basal cell carcinoma appear __ that develop a central ulcer; appear on sun-exposed areas of the face
appear as shiny, dome-shaped nodules
141
Slow growing neoplasm and they metastasize seldomly
Basal cell carcinoma
142
Basal cell carcinoma can be removed
surgically
143
Squamous cell carcinoma are induced by
UV exposure
144
Arises from cells of stratum spinosum
squamous cell carcinoma
145
lesions in squamous cell carcinoma appear __ that
gradually form shallow ulcers
scaly, reddened papules
146
Early removal through surgery and radiation therapy
allows a good chance of cure
Squamous cell carcinoma
147
Metastasizes to lymph nodes if not removed; Usually appear on the scalp, ears, ack of the hands,
and lower limb
Squamous cell carcinoma
148
Most deadly skin cancers, but accounts for only 5% of
skin cancers (rare); May develop when there are pigmented nodes
malignant melanoma
149
Arises from melanocytes
malignant melanoma
150
Appear from brown to black patch
Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels
malignant melanoma
151
how to recognize malignant melanoma
asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution
152
A downy hair covers the body by the fifth or sixth
month of fetal development but appears by birth
Lanugo
153
An oily covering; apparent at birth
White cheesy looking substance produced by the
sebaceous gland that Protects the baby’s skin while
inside the mother’s womb
vernix caseosa
154
Small white spots; Common at birth and disappear by the third week
millia
155
Appear during adolescence; Changes in the skin appear bc of abrasion, chemicals, wind, and other irritants
acne
