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Anatomy and Physiology > Skin & Body Membranes > Flashcards

Skin & Body Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

cover surfaces, line body cavities, and form protective sheets around organs

A

body membranes

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2
Q

3 epithelial membranes

A

cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, serous membrane

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3
Q

type of connective membrane

A

synovial membrane

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4
Q

simple organ consisting of an epithelial sheet bound to an underlying layer of connective tissue proper

A

epithelial membranes

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5
Q

skin

A

cutaneous membrane

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6
Q

dry membrane

A

cutaneous membrane

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7
Q

contains the epidermis and dermis

A

cutaneous membrane

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8
Q

composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

epidermis

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9
Q

mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue

A

dermis

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10
Q

moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment

A

mucous membrane

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11
Q

adapted for absorption and secretion

A

mucous membrane

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12
Q

mucous membrane is located in the (2)

A

respiratory and digestive tract

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13
Q

composed of epithelium resting on a loose connective tissue membrane called a

A

mucous membrane

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14
Q

loose connective tissue in mucous membrane

A

lamina propria

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15
Q

Membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body

A

serous membrane

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16
Q

A clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane.

A

serous fluid

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17
Q

joins and connects bones together

A

connective tissue membranes

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18
Q

where are connective tissue membranes found

A

joints

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19
Q

the synovial membrane has

A

loose areolar CT

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20
Q

why does the synovial membrane takes time to heal

A

bc of the poor to no blood supply

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21
Q

what lines the fibrous capsules surrounding joints

A

synovial membrane

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22
Q

the synovial membrane surrounds the

A

bursae & tendon sheaths

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23
Q

what does synovial secretes to cushion organs during muscle activty

A

lubricating fluid

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24
Q

for insulation and cushion; protection against water loss, microbes, UV light, bumps and cuts, acids and bases, heat or cold

A

integumentary system

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25
Q

why does the integumentary maintain temperature

A

homeostasis

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26
Q

for excretion of wastes

A

integumentary system

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27
Q

the integumentary system produces Vitamin_

A

D

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28
Q

UV light stimulates the production of

A

VitD

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29
Q

Layers of the Skin

A

dermis and epidermis

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30
Q

capable of being hard and tough

A

epidermis

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31
Q

what epithelial tissue is present in the epidermis

A

stratified squamous epithelium - keratinized

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32
Q

what cell produces keratin

A

keratinocytes

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33
Q

poor to no blood supply

A

avascular

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34
Q

5 layers of epidermis

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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35
Q

deepest layer of the epidermis

A

stratum basale

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36
Q

the cells in stratum basale undergo

A

mitosis

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37
Q

which are actively dividing in stratum basale

A

stem cells

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38
Q

in stratum basale what cells are pushed upward to become superficial layers

A

daughter cells

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39
Q

thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

A

stratum spinosum

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40
Q

what are evident in the stratum granulosum

A

keratinocytes

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41
Q

has many granules

A

stratum granulosum

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42
Q

stratum lucidum are formed from

A

dead cels

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43
Q

occurs in thick hairless skin of the palms and soles

A

stratum lucidum

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44
Q

outermost layer of the epidermis

A

stratum corneum

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45
Q

stratum corneum are filled with

A

keratin

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46
Q

shingle-like dead cells

A

stratum corneum

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47
Q

makes the skin a dry membrane

A

keratin

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48
Q

protective protein and prevents water loss from skin

A

keratin

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49
Q

pigment that produces melanin

A

melanocytes

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50
Q

where are melanocytes most commonly found

A

stratum basale

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51
Q

melanin accumulates in membrane-bound granules called

A

melanosomes

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52
Q

the amount of melanin produced depends on the

A

genetics and exposure to sunlight

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53
Q

Alert and active immune cells to a threat (bacterial or
viral invasion)

A

epidermal denditric cells

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54
Q

merkel cells are associated with

A

sensory nerve endings

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55
Q

serve as touch receptors

A

merkel discs

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56
Q

CT underlying the epidermis

A

dermis

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57
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

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58
Q

papillary layer contain projections called

A

dermal papillae

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59
Q

it is on the palm and sole surface; house touch and pain receptors

A

papillary layer

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60
Q

what does papillary layer do

A

increase prediction and gripping ability

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61
Q

deepest skin layer of dermis

A

reticular layer

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62
Q

reticular layer contains the (3)

A

blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, lamellar corpuscles

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63
Q

cutaneous sensory receptors, Phagocytes, Collagen and elastic fibers, Blood vessels

A

dermis

64
Q

a sense organ of the skin for pressure (kurot)

A

pacinian corpuscles

65
Q

a sense organ of the skin for pain

A

nociceptor

66
Q

a sense organ of the skin for touch

A

meissner’s corpuscles

67
Q

a sense organ of the skin for heat or cold

A

thermoreceptor corpuscles

68
Q

Due to embarrassment, inflammation,
hypertension, fever, or allergy

A

Redness (erythema)

69
Q

Due to emotional stress (such as fear),
anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow to an area

A

Pallor (blanching)

70
Q

Indicates a liver disorder

A

Jaundice (yellow cast)

71
Q

hematomas

A

bruises (black and blue marks)

72
Q

exocrine glands; hair, hair follicles, nails

A

cutaneous glands

73
Q

Located all over the skin except for palms and soles

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands

74
Q

Sebaceous (oil) glands produces ___ that makes the skin soft and moist

A

sebum (oil)

75
Q

Prevents hair from becoming brittle

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands

76
Q

Kills bacteria

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands

77
Q

Sebaceous (oil) glands are activated during

A

puberty

78
Q

for thermoregulation

A

sweat (sudoriferous) glands

79
Q

Produce sweat widely distributed in the skin

A

Sweat (sudoriferous) glands

80
Q

Located at the rest of the body, such as face; Open via duct to sweat pores on the skin’s surface

A

eccrine glands

81
Q

eccrine glands produce

A

acidic sweat

82
Q

for body temperature regulation

A

eccrine glands

83
Q

apocrine glands are located at

A

axillary and genital region

84
Q

Begin to function at puberty

A

apocrine glands

85
Q

apocrine glands release sweat that contains

A

fatty acids and proteins (milky or yellowish)

86
Q

in apocrine glands, the resident microflora uses this as a food that produces foul odor

A

proteins and fatty acids

87
Q

play a minimal role in body temperature
regulation

A

proteins and fatty acids

88
Q

play a minimal role in body temperature
regulation

A

proteins and fatty acids

89
Q

hair is produced by

A

hair follicle

90
Q

hair consists of

A

hard keratinized epithelial cells

91
Q

what provides pigment for hair color

A

melanocytees

92
Q

where does hair grow

A

matrix of hair bulb in startum basale

93
Q

hair follicle is composed of

A

epithelial root sheath and fibrous
sheath

94
Q

deepest part of the hair follicle in the dermal region where it provides blood supply

A

hair bulb

95
Q

connects to the hair follicle to pull hairs upright when we are cold or frightened

A

Arrector pili muscle

96
Q

Heavily keratinized, scale-like modifications of the
epidermis

A

nail

97
Q

where the stratum basale extends and is responsible for hair growth

A

nail bed

98
Q

what causes colorless nails

A

lack of pigment

99
Q

in nail anatomy, the visible attached potion is

A

body

100
Q

skin folds that overlap the edges of the nail

A

nail folds

101
Q

proximal edge

A

cuticle

102
Q

embedded on the skin

A

root nails

103
Q

Growth of the nail occurs from

A

nail matrix

104
Q

most common disorders in the skin are caused by

A

pathogens, bacteria, viruses & fungi

105
Q

what causes athlete’s foot

A

fungal infection (Tinea pedis)

106
Q

Most common dermatophyte infection

A

athlete’s foot

107
Q

Itchy, red peeling skin between toes

A

athlete’s foot

108
Q

what causes boils

A

inflammation of hair follicles

109
Q

what causes carbuncles

A

staphylococcus aureus bacteria

110
Q

what causes cold sores

A

human herpesvirus 1

111
Q

The virus inhabits the cutaneous nerve where it
remains dormant and gets activities by emotional
upset, fever, or UV radiation

A

Cold sores (fever blisters)

112
Q

Blisters itch and sting

A

Cold sores (fever blisters0

113
Q

causes impetigo

A

staphylococcus & streptococcus bacterium

114
Q

pink, fluid-filled raised lesions around mouth/nose

A

impetigo

115
Q

Highly contagious and can be easily contracted by
individuals who touched an infected person

A

impetigo

116
Q

what causes contact dermatitis

A

exposure to chemicals

117
Q

provoke allergic responses such as itching, redess,
and swelling of the skin, which may progress to
blistering

A

Contact dermatitis

118
Q

what causes Psoriasis

A

Chronic condition and an autoimmune disorder

119
Q

Triggered by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, or
stress

A

psoriasis

120
Q

Red, epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery
scales that itch, burn, crack, or sometimes bleed

A

psoriasis

121
Q

Tissue damage and cell death

A

burns

122
Q

Caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals

A

burns

123
Q

associated with Protein denaturation and cell death &
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

A

burns

124
Q

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

A

shutdown of kidneys and circulatory shock

125
Q

a condition in which there is an inadequate circulation of blood below blood volume

A

Circulatory shock

126
Q

Result in loss of body fluids and infection from
invasion of bacteria

A

burns

127
Q

burnt skin is sterile for how many hours before pathogens invade the area

A

24 hours

128
Q

what is used to estimate the extent of a burn to assess the needed treatment

A

rule of nines

129
Q

● Only epidermis is damaged
● Skin is red and swollen
● Temporary discomfort
● Heals within 2-3 days

A

First-degree burn (superficial burn)

130
Q

ex of First-degree burn (superficial burn)

A

sunburn

131
Q

● Epidermis and superficial part of dermis are damaged
● Skin is red, painful, and blistered
● Regrowth of the epithelium can occur
● Can be caused by hot water, open flames, chemicals,
electricity

A

Second-degree burn (partial thickness burn)

132
Q

● Destroys epidermis and dermis and also extends to
the subcutaneous tissue
● Burned area is painless
● Requires skin grafts, as regeneration is not possible
● Burned area is blanched (gray-white) or black

A

Third-degree burns (full-thickness burn)

133
Q

a surgical procedure that involves removing skin from one area of the body and transplanting it to the other area of the body

A

skin grafting

134
Q

● Extends into deeper tissues (bone, muscle, tendons)
● Appears dry and leathery
● Requires surgery and grafting
● May require amputation

A

Fourth-degree burn (full-thickness burn)

135
Q

Tumors arise in the skin. Most of it is benign.

A

cancer

136
Q

most common types of skin cancer

A

● Basal cell carcinoma
● Squamous cell carcinoma
● Malignant melanoma

137
Q

cancer are caused by

A

● Overexposure to UV lights
● Tanning beds

138
Q

Least malignant and most common type of skin
cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

139
Q

Arises from cells in stratum basale that are altered so
that they can no longer make keratin.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

140
Q

lesions in basal cell carcinoma appear __ that develop a central ulcer; appear on sun-exposed areas of the face

A

appear as shiny, dome-shaped nodules

141
Q

Slow growing neoplasm and they metastasize seldomly

A

Basal cell carcinoma

142
Q

Basal cell carcinoma can be removed

A

surgically

143
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma are induced by

A

UV exposure

144
Q

Arises from cells of stratum spinosum

A

squamous cell carcinoma

145
Q

lesions in squamous cell carcinoma appear __ that
gradually form shallow ulcers

A

scaly, reddened papules

146
Q

Early removal through surgery and radiation therapy
allows a good chance of cure

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

147
Q

Metastasizes to lymph nodes if not removed; Usually appear on the scalp, ears, ack of the hands,
and lower limb

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

148
Q

Most deadly skin cancers, but accounts for only 5% of
skin cancers (rare); May develop when there are pigmented nodes

A

malignant melanoma

149
Q

Arises from melanocytes

A

malignant melanoma

150
Q

Appear from brown to black patch
Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels

A

malignant melanoma

151
Q

how to recognize malignant melanoma

A

asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution

152
Q

A downy hair covers the body by the fifth or sixth
month of fetal development but appears by birth

A

Lanugo

153
Q

An oily covering; apparent at birth

White cheesy looking substance produced by the
sebaceous gland that Protects the baby’s skin while
inside the mother’s womb

A

vernix caseosa

154
Q

Small white spots; Common at birth and disappear by the third week

A

millia

155
Q

Appear during adolescence; Changes in the skin appear bc of abrasion, chemicals, wind, and other irritants

A

acne

Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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