skin and wound care Flashcards
Serous
Clear, watery plasma.
Sanguineous
Bright red blood. ** May indicate active bleeding **
Serosanguineous
Pale, pink, watery. Mixture of clear and red fluid.
Purulent
Thick, yellowish-green. Foul odor. ** May indicate infection**
incision
cutting or sharp instrument edges aligned surrounding tissue undamaged bleeds freely least likely to become infected
contusion
result of a direct blow or an impact, such as a fall. or blunt instrument, Contusions are common sports injuries. Most people think of a bruise as a black-and-blue spot. This happens when small blood vessels get torn and leak blood under the skin.
abrasion
friction; rubbing or scraping epidermis layer can become infected
laceration
a wound that is produced by the tearing of soft body tissue. This type of wound is often irregular and jagged. A laceration wound is often contaminated with bacteria and debris from whatever object caused the cut. tissue not aligned
penetrating
occurs when a foreign object pierces the skin and enters the body creating a wound. In blunt or non-penetrating trauma the skin is not necessarily broken. In penetrating trauma, the object remains in the tissue or passes through the tissues and exits the body.
puncture
a wound made by a pointed object such as a nail, knife, or sharp tooth. Puncture wounds often appear to be on the surface, but may extend into the deeper tissue layers. Stitches are primarily used if the cut is more that a quarter inch deep, is on the face, or reaches bone.
avulsion
a forcible tearing off of skin or another part of the body, such as an ear or a finger. Any time layers of skin have been torn off to expose muscles, tendons and tissue, it is called an avulsion.
chemical
damage to the body from a caustic chemical, which is a very strong acid or base that can burn or corrode. Contact with these chemicals can damage the skin, eyes, lungs (if breathed), or if swallowed, the inside of the body. drugs, acids, alcohol, and metals
thermal
high and low temps cellular necrosis as possible result
irradiation
wounds caused by the acute or chronic effects of ionizing radiation. The injury may involve the skin, underlying soft tissue, and even deep structures such as bone. The most common cause of radiation injury is an adverse effect of therapeutic radiation therapy
pressure ulcer
compromised circulation secondary to pressure or pressure combined with friction staged 1-4
venous ulcers
venous stasis ulcer, is a wound that takes longer than usual to heal. It’s due to vein and blood flow issues and often occurs on your legs near your ankle
arterial ulcers
are painful injuries in your skin caused by poor circulation. Arterial ulcers typically happen when blood is unable to flow into the lower extremities, like the legs and feet.
diabetic ulcers
an open sore or wound that occurs in approximately 15 percent of patients with diabetes and is commonly located on the bottom of the foot. Of those who develop a foot ulcer, 6 percent will be hospitalized due to infection or other ulcer-related complication.
woven gauze (sponges)
absorbs exudate from the wound example; covering abrasions or lacerations, surgical incisions, second degree burns, and pressure ulcers or chronic wounds with light drainage
nonadherent material
does not stick to the wound bed designed to minimize trauma exmaple; protects superficial wounds such as abrasions, burns donor sites, and post-op sites
damp to damp 4 by 4
used to mechanically debride a wound until granulation tissue starts to form in the wound bed must be kept moist at all times to prevent pain and promote healing
self adhesive/transparent film
a temporary “ second skin “ ideal for small superficial wounds reduces pain and protects from contamination, example; superficial wounds, secure IV sites, skin tears, pressure ulcers, donor and post-op sites
hydocolloid
an occlusive dressing that swells in the presence of exude; composed of gelatin and pectin, it forms a seal at the wound surface to prevent evaporation of moisture from the skin/ maintains a granulating wound bed, can stay in place for 3 to 5 days examples; pressure and diabetic ulcers, minor or superficial burns, abrasions, skin tears, and donor sites.
hydrogel
composition is mostly water. gel after contact with exudate promoting autolytic debridement and cooling rehydrates and fills dead space might require a secondary occlusive dressing examples; for infected deep wounds with necrotic tissue, partial thickness burn, pressure ulcers, donor sites, radiation dermatitis
