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clinical conditions > Skin and Systemic Conditions > Flashcards

Skin and Systemic Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest organ in the body?

A

skin

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2
Q

two layers of the skin

A

epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

what layer of skin does not regenerate?

A

dermis

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4
Q

what does the skin do?

A

protect against infection, prevents loss of body fluid, controls body temperature, and produces vitamin D

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5
Q

superficial burn

A

first degree burn

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6
Q

partial thickness burn

A

second degree burn

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7
Q

full thickness burn

A

third degree burn

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8
Q

first degree burn

A

only involves epidermal layer of skin, redness and pain, heals 3-6 days, sunburn

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9
Q

second degree burn

A

extends down to dermal layer, large blisters, deep red to waxy white, heals 7-20 days, leaves scar

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10
Q

third degree burn

A

destroys epidermal and dermal layers, charred black, cherry red, tan, or pearly white, small blisters, dry and leathery, and scar/risk of contracture

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11
Q

TBSA

A

total body surface area

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12
Q

measures of burn depth

A

rule of nines (not accurate), and lUnd and Browder chart (more accurate)

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13
Q

thermal burns

A

flames, steam, hot liquids, hot metals, electricity, radiation, toxic chemicals, and extreme cold

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14
Q

skin grafting

A

used for burns that take more than three weeks to heal - eschar is removed and graft is applied

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15
Q

autograft

A

graft from person’s own skin

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16
Q

role of OT in burns

A

help with education, exercise, positioning, adaptive equipment, ADLS, splinting, and scar management

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17
Q

protective isolation

A

used for patients who are immunosuppressed (chemotherapy, transplant), and burn or wound patients

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18
Q

pressure areas

A

They often form on skin that covers bony areas. The most common sites are the back of the head and ears, the shoulders, the elbows, the lower back and buttocks, the hips, the inner knees, and the heels

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19
Q

stage 1 pressure ulcer

A

nonblanchable erythema usually over bony prominences or other pressure areas, warmth, tenderness, redness, texture changes, and probably won’t be ulcerated

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20
Q

stage 2 pressure ulcer

A

loss of skin, blisters, shallow, reddish, may have some drainage

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21
Q

stage 3 pressure ulcer

A

full-thickness skin loss down to subcutaneous fat or fascia

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22
Q

stage 4 pressure ulcer

A

full thickness skin loss with exposure of bone

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23
Q

cellulitis

A

bacterial infection of the skin, common in face and lower leg, skin checks vital, check extremities, back, buttocks, skin folds, and contractures

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24
Q

places for bacteria to enter in cellulitis

A

recent surgery sites, pressure ulcers, cuts, ulcers, athletes foot, insect/animal bites

25
Q

Open wound treatments

A

wet and dry dressings, wound vac, and minimize moisture at area

26
Q

pressure areas in wheelchair

A

sacrum, heels, elbows, shoulder blades, side of hips, IT’s (butt), low or mid back

27
Q

pressure areas in recliner/geri chair

A

sacrum, heels, elbows, shoulder blades, head/neck, calves, upper back, ankles

28
Q

pressure areas in wearing oxygen

A

cheek bones, ears, under nose/or bridge, under chin

29
Q

pressure areas wearing splints

A

foot, ankles, edges, hand, wrists, elbows, thumb, where strapping goes

30
Q

irritation

A

skin stays intact

31
Q

degrading

A

skin no longer intact

32
Q

Stasis (Venous) Ulcers

A

usually due to CHF or PVD, body not reabsorbing fluid so it pools in legs, weeps, can be acute or chronic

33
Q

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

A

overly flexible skin and joints, joints prone to injury, usually good at dance or gymnastics, can involve the heart or digestion

34
Q

Marfan Syndrome

A

affects heart, eyes, blood vessels, and bones, people are tall, thin, and have long arms, legs, fingers, and toes

35
Q

temporary skin conditions

A

dermatitis (eczema, hives, and rashes are all under this)

36
Q

eczema

A

allergic dermatitis, due to topical irritants, people with asthma and allergies more prone to this

37
Q

Psoriasis

A

overgrowth of skin, creates plaques of skin, immune problem, and can lead to arthritis

38
Q

congenital amputation

A

absence of limb or part at birth

39
Q

acquired amputation

A

loss of limb due to surgery or trauma

40
Q

lower extremity amputations

A

82% of these caused by diabetes or peripheral vascular disease, surgical amputations a last resort

41
Q

postoperative complications of amputations

A

neuroma, phantom sensation, phantom pain, weakness, skin breakdown, and falls

42
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

illness that causes the immune system to produce antibodies that attack normal body tissues

43
Q

scleroderma

A

autoimmune disorder, causes hardening of skin and organs, a skin, immunologic and systemic disorder, causes raynaud’s syndrome, causes scarring and contractures, fingers can become claw position

44
Q

raynaud’s syndrome

A

vasospasms, intolerance of temperature changes

45
Q

fibromyalgia

A

client hurts all over, feels exhausted, doctor can’t find anything specifically wrong with client, is chronic, hurts all the time

46
Q

etiology of fibromyalgia

A

unknown, sleep disturbances, injury, infection, most common in females, 20-60 years old

47
Q

symptoms of fibromyalgia

A

achy pain, widespread pain in muscles, ligaments, and tendons, fatigue and multiple tender points, sleep problems, tension headaches, IBS, numbness/tingling in arms and hands, depression, and mood changes

48
Q

treatment of fibromyalgia

A

antidepressants, muscle relaxants, stress reduction, healthy lifestyle, exercise, relaxation techniques

49
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

unknown cause, could be related to Lyme disease, causes fevers, fatigue, achiness, poor activity tolerance, frequent infections possible, enlarged lymph nodes, encephalopathy possible (also known as systemic intolerance disease or myalgic encephalomyelitis)

50
Q

systematic lupus erythematosus

A

impacts joints like RA, has systemic impact on heart, liver, and kidneys

51
Q

signs/symptoms of systematic lupus erythematosus

A

arthritis inflammatory response, rashes (butterfly, across cheeks and nose), joint pain, renal or CNS involvement, blood disorders, depression, exacerbation and remissions, cardiac systems, photo sensitivity, and oral ulcers

52
Q

renal disease

A

usually related to diabetes, there are four stages, OT usually works with end stage

53
Q

end stage renal disease

A

client usually doesn’t urinate, every other day dialysis, fluid intake limitations, prone to weakness, blood pressure changes, infections, and cognitive changes if toxins build up in body

54
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

it is a progressive neuromuscular disease that destroys the body’s functional capabilities, attacks spinal cord but not brain, starts at lower spinal cord, is usually sporadic, men 2x more likely than women, onset usually between 40 and 60 but can be as early as 16

55
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

exact cause unknown, immunologic or autoimmune disease of the CNS, body attacks the myelin sheath around brain and spinal cord neurons, characterized by demyelination in white matter, gray matter, and axon sites, can affect visual, motor, sensory, cognitive, psychological and bowel and bladder systems

56
Q

symptom management for fatigue

A

energy conservation, task simplification, pacing, prescribed exercise, and sleep hygiene techniques

57
Q

symptom management for wound healing

A

good nutrition, asses for pressure areas and teach positioning, minimize skin shearing, ADLS with wounds

58
Q

symptom management for scar management

A

scar massage, teach self scar massage, and gentle stretching and PROM

59
Q

Edema control methods

A

measure via volumeter or circumference/lag, use compression garments, retrograde massages, and lymphedema

clinical conditions (1 decks)

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