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BDS2 Infection And Immunity > Skin And Soft Tissue Infections > Flashcards

Skin And Soft Tissue Infections Flashcards

1
Q

State how infections are classified?

A
  1. By microbe:
    - bacteria
    - virus
    - fungi
  2. By anatomy:
    - superficial
    - deeper tissues
  3. Treatment principles
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2
Q

Describe the microbe s.aureus

  • basic description
  • virulence factor
  • disease
A
  1. Basic description
    - cocci (round)
    - gram positive (purple)
    - often clumped together (similar to grapes)
  2. Virulence factor
    - Panton Valentine leukocidin toxin
  3. Disease
    - angular cheilitis
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3
Q

What is a leukocidin?

A

A toxin that kills white blood cells

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4
Q

What are the two types of s.aureus?

A
  1. Methicillin sensitive s.aureus

2. Methicillin resistant s.aureus
MRSA

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5
Q

Briefly describe how panto-Valentine leukotoxins work (in association with s.aureus

A
  1. Positive s.aureus will release PVL sub units
  2. These sub units will conglomerate to form pores on the target cell which allow its contents to “leak” out
  3. Leukocytes (white cells) contain inflammatory mediators which can cause problems when they leak out of the cell
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6
Q

What is a very dangerous disease caused by MRSA that also effects young healthy people

A

Necrotising pneumonia

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7
Q

Describe s.pyogenes

A
  1. Basic description:
    - cocci
    - gram positive
    - form chains
  2. Virulence factors:
    - superantigens and toxic shock syndrome
  3. Disease:
    - cellulitis
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8
Q

What is a superantigen?

A

An antigen that causes huge dysregulation in its host compared to the amount of the antigen that is released by the bacteria

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9
Q

Describe the s.anginosis group

A
  1. Basic description
    - cocci
    - gram positive
    - usually seem in chains but can clump together
  2. Virulence factors:
    - intermedilysin (cytotoxin)
    - leads to lysis of cells
  3. Disease
    - (periapical) periodontitis
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10
Q

Describe c.welchii

A
  1. ## Basic description
  2. Virulence factor
    - alpha toxin (lecithinase)
  3. Disease:
    - clostridial myonecrosis - “gas gangrene”
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11
Q

What laboratory test is used to detect alpha toxin and help confirm the identity of C.welchii?

A

The nagler reaction

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12
Q

Describe the herpes simplex group of viruses

A
  1. Basic description
    - DNA virus
    - nuclear capsid surrounded by lipid membrane
  2. Virulence factor
    - cell lysis
  3. Disease
    - herpes infection
    (i. e herpes labiales)
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13
Q

Describe the fungi Candida albicans

A
  1. Basic description
    - 10x larger than bacteria
    - circular yeast cells
    - special stain normally used but can stain gram positive (purple)
  2. Virulence factor
    - phospholipase
  3. Disease
    - candidiasis
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14
Q

PART 2

A

PART 2

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15
Q

What are the 3 main anatomical classifications for skin and soft tissue infections?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Sub cutaneous
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16
Q

List two examples of diseases that infect the epidermis

A
  1. Impetigo

2. Angular cheilitis

17
Q

Give an example of a disease that infects the dermis of the skin and describe how it can present

A

Disease:
- erysipelas

Description:

  • “butterfly erythema” on the face
  • looks like a large red rash
  • caused by S.pyrogenes (group A strep)
18
Q

What disease in the dermis is commonly caused by S.aureus and how does it present?

A
  1. Folliculitis
    - infection of hair follicles

Description:

  • red spots containing discharge on the surface of skin
  • in more severe cases boils can form
  • in even more Severe cases carbuncles (multiple heads) can form
19
Q

Give an example of a subcutaneous infection and briefly describe it

A
  1. Disease:
    - cellulitis
  2. Clinical description
    - erythema and swelling of infected tissue
20
Q

What microorganism is a common cause of severe Odontogenic infection?

A

Streptococcus anginosis

  • may be others involved
  • including anaerobic bacteria
21
Q

Describe another sub cutaneous infection which presents with severe necrosis of infected tissue

A
  1. Fascia - necrotising fasciitis
22
Q

What is a common cause of surgical wound infections

A

Staph. Aureus

23
Q

What microorganism is often present in bite wounds from animals?

A

Pasteurella multicoda

24
Q

List the order of events in treatment of skin and soft tissue infections

A
  1. Diagnosis
  2. Surgical debridement
  3. Microbiological specimens
  4. Antibiotics
  5. Review
25
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat MSSA and MRSA S.aureus?

A
  1. MSSA = flucloxacillin

2. MRSA = vancomycin

26
Q

Name 2 pathogens that are treated with penicillin

A
  1. S.pyogenes

2. S.anginosus

27
Q

What does S.anginosis commonly cause?

A

Dental alveolar infections

28
Q

What is the best treatment for dental abscesses?

A

Surgical treatment

  • if systematic infection then use penicillin V

BDS2 Infection And Immunity (6 decks)

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