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Microbiology > Skin And Soft Tissue Infections > Flashcards

Skin And Soft Tissue Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

First pathogenic bacterium seen under microscope

A

Bacillus anthracis

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2
Q

First bacterium tobe isolated in pure culture by Koch

A

Bacillus anthracis

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3
Q

First live attenuated bacterial vaccine

A

Bacillus anthraris

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4
Q

Anthrax intro

A

Spore forming obligate aerobe, biological weapon

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5
Q

Virulence factors of anthrax

A

Tripartite toxin→1 edema factor (active fragment
2.protective factor (binding fragment)
3. Lethal factor causes cell death
These fragments are not toxic individually

Capsule _→ polyglutamate, plasmid coded

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6
Q

Transmission of anthrax

A

Cutaneous mode
Inhalation of spores
Ingestion of carcasses of animals dying of anthrax containing spores

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7
Q

Hide porters diseases.

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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8
Q

Malignant pustule

A

In cutaneous anthrax, lesion begins as papule develops into painless vesicle and then into coal-black necrotic eschar surrounded by non pitting edema

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9
Q

Types of anthrax and more common ones

A

Cutaneous, pulmonary anthrax are more common, intestinal type is rare,

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10
Q

Most common form of anthrax to be associated with bioterrorism

A

Pulmonary anthrax

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11
Q

Wool sorters disease

A

Pulmonary anthrax

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12
Q

Differences b/w cutaneous and pulmonary anthrax

A

Page 540 in Tb

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13
Q

Appearance of anthrax on gram stain

A

Large rectangular rods which are grampositive
Bamboo stick appearance in culture

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14
Q

Mcfadyeans reaction

A

Anthrax capsule can be demonstrated by staining with gurr’s polychrome methylene blue, capsule appears as amorphous purple material surrounding blue bacilli

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15
Q

Ascolé’s thermoprecipitation test

A

Ring precipitation test for anthrax

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16
Q

Bacillus anthracis fastidious or was non fastidious

A

Fastidious

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17
Q

Frosted glass appearance on culture

A

Bacillus anthracis

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18
Q

Medusa head appearance

A

Bacillus anthraris

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19
Q

Gelatin stab agar in bacillus anthracis

A

Inverted fir tree appearance as it is motile

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20
Q

Bacillus anthracis in solid medium with penicillin

A

String of pearl appearance

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21
Q

Plet medium

A

Bacillus anthracis
Polymyx in, lysosome l EDTA I thallus acetate

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22
Q

Spores of bacillus anthracis

A

Non bulging
Can be demonstrated by hot malachite green (Ashbys method), modified acid fast using 0.25% sulfuric acid

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23
Q

Spores are stained in gram staining t or F?

A

False, spores are not stained in gram staining

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24
Q

Vaccines for bacillus anthracis

A

Live attenuated, non capsulated spore vaccine (animals) stern
Adsorbed [ alum precipitated ) toxoid vaccine (protective antigen )( biothrax )

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25
Q

Pre exposure prophylaxis & post exposure prophylaxis anthrax

A

Pre → route intramuscular, dose 0,1,6 months
Post → subcutaneous route, dose 0,2,4 weeks post exposure combined with antimicrobial therapy

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26
Q

Anthracoidbacilli

A

Bacillus species other than anthrax bacillus

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27
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Normal habitant of soil, can cause food poisoning

28
Q

Bacillus thuringienesis

A

Occasionally Food poisoning, larvicidal agent for mosquito control

29
Q

Bacillus spares used as sterilization control

A

Used as biological indicators to check efficacy of sterilisation process
Geobacillus stearothermophillus used for autoclave, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma steriliser and liquid acetic acid steriliser
Bacillus atrophalus used for ethylene oxide steriliser and dry heat steriliser

30
Q

Leprosy

A

Chronic granulomatous disease of humans involving cooler parts of body likeskin, peripheral nerves, eyes, upper respiratory tract, can cause bony deformits.
Mycobacterium leprae

31
Q

Incubation period of leprae bacilli and tb bacilli

A

12 - 13 days for leprae
14 hrs for tb bacilli

32
Q

Classification of leprosy

A

Based on no. Of skin lesions ,presence of nerve involvement and identification q bacilli on skin slit smear → paucibacillary, multibacillary
Pg 534 of eb

33
Q

Ridley jopling classification of leprosy and def of each

A

Lepromatous leprosy
Borderline lepromatous leprosy
Borderline leprosy
Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
Tuberculoid leprosy
Pg 535 of tb

34
Q

Leprosy is a bipolar disease true or false?

A

True
Lepromatous and tuberculoid cases are two extreme poles

35
Q

Diff between lepromatous leprosy and tuberculoid leprosy

A

Pg 535 of tb

36
Q

Leonine fancies and eyebrow alopecia seen in

A

Lepromatous leprosy

37
Q

Lepromin test positive in lepromatous leprosy

A

False it is positive in tuberculoid leprosy as CMI IS LOW

38
Q

Nerve involvement in tuberculoid leprosy

A

Most common → ulnar nerve followedby post auricular

39
Q

People with low cell mediated immunity develop lepromatous leprosy true or false ?

A

True

40
Q

Deformities in leprosy

A

FACE→ leonine facies, sagging face, loss of eyebrow/eyelash, saddle nose, corneal opacity, ulcers
HANDS→ claw hand, wrist drop
FEET → foot drop, cawing of toes, inversion of foot and plantar ulcers

41
Q

Intracellular bacteria

A

Mycobacterium leprae

42
Q

Lepra reaction

A

Pg 536

43
Q

Lepra reaction type two occurs after institution of chemotherapy

A

True

44
Q

Erythema nodosum leprosum

A

Seen in type 2 lepra reaction

45
Q

Progression of Lepra reaction type1

A

If occurs before treatment → progresses towards Lepromatous leprosy [ down grading reaction ]

If occurs after treatment → progresses towards tuberculoid leprosy [ reversal reaction]

46
Q

Source of infection and transmission of infection in leprosy

A

Source of infection → multibacillary cases
Mode of transmission → nasal droplet infection (most common)
contact transmission [ direct contact, indirect contact)
direct dermal inoculation during teething

47
Q

World leprosy day

A

Last Sunday of jan
In India jan 30th

48
Q

How many samples are collected in lab diagnosis of leprosy

A

6 samples → 4 from skin [ forehead, check, chin and buttock) one from earlobe and nasal blow or scraping

49
Q

Preferred site for slit skin smear in leprosy

A

Edge of the lesion

50
Q

How much percent sulphuric acid is used for an staining of leprae?

A

5%

51
Q

How much percent sulphuric acid is used for an staining in bacillus anthracis

A

0.25%

52
Q

How much percent sulphuric acid is used for an staining for tb

A

20%

53
Q

Virchow lepra cells or foamy cells

A

Red acid fast bacilli are arranged singly or in groups (cigarlike bundles) bound together by lipid like substance glia to form globi
Globi are present inside foamy macrophages called virchouslepra cells or foamy cells

54
Q

Mycobacterium leprae obey Kochi’s postulates

A

False
It is not cultivable in artificial media or tissue culture
Mouse foot pad cultivation

55
Q

Lepromin test

A

To detect CMI
early or Fernandez reaction (at 48hr) → DTH reaction, indicates past exposure
Late or mitsuda reaction (at 21 days) a nodule forms and ulcerates→ if positive→ good CMI, good prognosis
→ if negative absence of CMI, poor prognosis

56
Q

Who regimen for leprosy treatment

A

3 drug regimen
Rifampin (600 mg) once a month
Dapsone (100mg) daily
Clofazimine(300mg) once a month and 50 mg daily.

57
Q

MIP vaccine in leprosy

A

Mycobacterium incidus Pranil
Recently developed
Killed leprosy vaccine

58
Q

Actinomyces → aerobic and non acid fast?

A

Anaerobic and non acid fast

59
Q

Nocardia → aerobe and acid fast true?

A

Yes

60
Q

Painless indicated swelling with sinuses which may drains containing sulfur granules to skin

A

Actinomycosis

61
Q

Clinical manifestations of actinonycoses

A

Oral - cervicofascial actinomycosis→ painless slow growing hardmass with cutaneous fistulas [lumpy jaw]
Thoracic actinomycoses, abdominal form, pelvic form, disseminated form, dental caries and periodontal diseases

62
Q

Histopathological staining of actinomyces

A

Granules composed of esinophilic clubs surrounding basophiliz filaments and inflammatory cells like neutrophils and foamy macrophages

63
Q

Culture in thioglycollate broth of a. Israeli and a-bovis

A

A-israeli→ fluffy balls on bottom of test tube
A-bovis → uniform turgidity

64
Q

Common nocardia species and actinomyces species

A

Nocaldia asteroids, n.brasiliensis,a Israeli

65
Q

Clinical manifestations of nocardia

A

Pulmonary → lobar pneumonia [ subacute onset of cough with thick purulent sputum]
Extrapulmonary→ most common - brain abscess
Eumycetoma >actinomycetoma

66
Q

Actinomyces pallettieri produces red granules
Remaining produce white to yellowish granules

A

Yes

67
Q

Actinomyces → spidery molar tooth appearance in solid media BHI agar

A

Yes

Microbiology (6 decks)

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