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Skin and Body Membranes > Skin and Body Membranes > Flashcards

Skin and Body Membranes Flashcards

1
Q 
1.	Which moist epithelial membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior:
A)	serous.
B)	mucous.
C)	synovial.
D)	cutaneous.
E)	peritoneum.
A

B) mucous.

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2
Q 
1.	The innermost serous membrane covering the outside of the heart is the:
A)	peritoneum.
B)	synovial layer.
C)	visceral pleura.
D)	parietal pericardium
E)	visceral pericardium.
A

E) visceral pericardium.

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3
Q 
1.	Serous fluid reduces friction:
A)	inside the lungs.
B)	around the brain.
C)	as food is chewed.
D)	in movable joints such as the knee.
E)	between the visceral and parietal layers of serous membranes.
A

E) between the visceral and parietal layers of serous membranes.

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4
Q 
1.	Which of the following is a connective tissue membrane:
A)	pleural membrane.
B)	serous membrane.
C)	mucous membrane.
D)	synovial membrane.
E)	cutaneous membrane.
A

D) synovial membrane.

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5
Q 
1.	The only dry membrane is the:
A)	serous membrane.
B)	mucous membrane.
C)	synovial membrane.
D)	basement membrane.
E)	cutaneous membrane.
A

E) cutaneous membrane.

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6
Q 
1.	Synovial membranes are found in the:
A)	joint cavities.
B)	covering of the brain.
C)	covering of the heart.
D)	lining of the stomach cavity.
E)	lining of the abdominal cavity wall.
A

A) joint cavities.

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7
Q 
1.	The skin and its derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the:
A)	skeletal system.
B)	immune system.
C)	lymphatic system.
D)	endocrine system.
E)	integumentary system.
A

E) integumentary system.

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following is a vital function of the skin:
    A) it aids in desiccation.
    B) it converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin
    C) it aids in the transport of materials throughout the body.
    D) the cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy.
    E) it absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases.
A

B) it converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D

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9
Q 
1.	Although you get wet while swimming, a tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge. This substance is:
A)	mucus.
B)	keratin.
C)	melanin.
D)	carotene.
E)	serous fluid.
A

B) keratin.

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10
Q 
1.	The epidermis is composed of:
A)	areolar tissue.
B)	adipose tissue.
C)	simple columnar epithelium.
D)	stratified squamous epithelium.
E)	dense fibrous connective tissue.
A

D) stratified squamous epithelium.

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11
Q 
1.	The uppermost layer of skin is:
A)	full of keratin.
B)	called the dermis.
C)	called the hypodermis.
D)	composed of dense connective tissue.
E)	fed by a good supply of blood vessels.
A

A) full of keratin.

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12
Q 
1.	The two main layers of skin are:
A)	epidermis and dermis.
B)	stratum basale and dermis.
C)	epidermis and hypodermis.
D)	stratum corneum and dermis.
E)	papillary layer and reticular layer.
A

A) epidermis and dermis.

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13
Q 
1.	Which of the following homeostatic imbalances is caused by skin exposure to chemicals:
A)	impetigo.
B)	cyanosis.
C)	cold sores
D)	athlete’s foot.
E)	contact dermatitis
A

E) contact dermatitis

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14
Q 
1.	The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to:
A)	oil.
B)	sweat.
C)	keratin.
D)	melanin.
E)	Langerhans cells
A

D) melanin.

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15
Q 
1.	The layer of the epidermis in which cells die because of their inability to get nutrients and oxygen is the clear layer called:
A)	stratum basale.
B)	stratum lucidum.
C)	stratum corneum.
D)	stratum spinosum
E)	stratum granulosum.
A

B) stratum lucidum.

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16
Q 
1.	Melanocytes are found in the:
A)	stratum basale.
B)	stratum lucidum.
C)	stratum corneum.
D)	stratum spinosum.
E)	stratum granulosum.
A

A) stratum basale.

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17
Q 
1.	A splinter penetrates to the deepest layer of the epidermis on your foot. This layer is:
A)	stratum basale.
B)	stratum lucidum.
C)	stratum corneum.
D)	stratum spinosum.
E)	stratum granulosum.
A

A) stratum basale.

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18
Q 
1.	Which layer of the epidermis produces dandruff:
A)	stratum basale.
B)	stratum lucidum.
C)	stratum corneum.
D)	stratum spinosum.
E)	stratum granulosum.
A

C) stratum corneum.

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19
Q 
1.	Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of:
A)	filtration
B)	diffusion
C)	osmosis
D)	absorption.
E)	evaporation.
A

B) diffusion

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20
Q

.
1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the papillary layer of the dermis:
A) it is highly vascular.
B) it is the deepest layer of the skin.
C) it produces the pattern for fingerprints.
D) it is located immediately beneath the epidermis.
E) it contains nerve endings that respond to touch and temperature stimuli.

A

B) it is the deepest layer of the skin.

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21
Q
  1. In order to warm the body up when cold:
    A) melanin is produced.
    B) vitamin D is synthesized
    C) sebaceous glands release oil.
    D) sudoriferous glands release sweat
    E) the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright
A

E) the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright

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22
Q 
1.	Finger-like upward projections of the dermis into the epidermis are called:
A)	hair bulbs.
B)	hair follicles.
C)	dermal papillae.
D)	Pacinian corpuscles.
E)	Meissner’s corpuscles.
A

C) dermal papillae.

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23
Q 
1.	Nails are composed of:
A)	keratin.
B)	sebum.
C)	melanin.
D)	carotene.
E)	haemoglobin.
A

A) keratin.

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24
Q
  1. The secretions of the eccrine glands are:
    A) basic.
    B) primarily uric acid.
    C) solely metabolic wastes.
    D) fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins.
    E) mostly water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C.
A

D) fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins.

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25
Q

.
1. The secretion of sweat is stimulated:
A) by high temperatures.
B) when the air temperature drops.
C) by hormones, especially male sex hormones.
D) as a protective coating when one is swimming.
E) both by high temperatures and by hormones, especially male hormones.

A

E) both by high temperatures and by hormones, especially male hormones.

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26
Q 
1.	Which of the following is NOT associated with a hair:
A)	shaft.
B)	lunule.
C)	cuticle.
D)	follicle.
E)	medulla.
A

B) lunule.

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27
Q 
1.	Which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders:
A)	pallor.
B)	bruising.
C)	jaundice.
D)	cyanosis.
E)	erythema.
A

C) jaundice.

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28
Q 
1.	What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn:
A)	infection.
B)	blood loss.
C)	dehydration.
D)	unbearable pain.
E)	loss of immune function.
A

C) dehydration.

29
Q
  1. A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by:
    A) blood analysis
    B) using the “rule of nines”
    C) performing enzyme studies
    D) measuring urinary output and fluid intake.
    observing the tissues that are usually moist
A

D) measuring urinary output and fluid intake.

observing the tissues that are usually moist

30
Q
  1. Which of the following is an indication of melanoma:
    A) a symmetrical mole.
    B) a pigmented spot that is black.
    C) a pigmented spot that has smooth borders.
    D) a pigmented spot that contains areas of different colours.
    E) a spot on the skin that is smaller than the size of a pencil eraser.
A

D) a pigmented spot that contains areas of different colours.

31
Q
  1. Sebum is responsible for all of the following except:
    A) body temperature regulation.
    B) keeps the skin soft and moist.
    C) kills bacteria on the skin’s surface. .
    D) prevents hair follicles from brittleness.
    E) makes the skin oilier during adolescence.
A

A) body temperature regulation.

32
Q 
1.	Male pattern baldness has a genetic switch that turns on in response to:
A)	age.
B)	size.
C)	weight.
D)	male hormones.
E)	female hormones.
A

A) age.

33
Q 
1.	The specific serous membrane covering the digestive organs is called the:
A)	pleura.
B)	mucosa.
C)	peritoneum.
D)	pericardium.
E)	synovial membrane.
A

C) peritoneum.

34
Q 
1.	The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as:
A)	stratum basale.
B)	stratum lucidum.
C)	stratum corneum.
D)	stratum spinosum.
E)	stratum granulosum.
A

C) stratum corneum.

35
Q 
1.	Which layer of cells are mostly found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet are:
A)	stratum basale.
B)	stratum lucidum.
C)	stratum corneum.
D)	stratum spinosum.
E)	stratum granulosum.
A

B) stratum lucidum.

36
Q 
1.	The part of a hair that projects from the surface of the scalp or skin is called the:
A)	hair bulb.
B)	hair root.
C)	hair shaft.
D)	arrector pili.
E)	hair follicle.
A

C) hair shaft.

37
Q 
1.	The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the:
A)	lunule.
B)	cuticle.
C)	nail bed.
D)	nail root.
E)	nail matrix.
A

A) lunule.

38
Q 
1.	The layer of the serous membrane that covers an organ is known as the:
A)	skin.
B)	parietal layer.
C)	visceral layer.
D)	synovial layer.
E)	lamina propria.
A

C) visceral layer.

39
Q 
1.	The Staphylococcus infection of the skin that causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is known as:
A)	impetigo.
B)	psoriasis.
C)	cold sores.
D)	carbuncles.
E)	contact dermatitis.
A

A) impetigo.

40
Q 
1.	In which type of burns is only the epidermis is damages and the area becomes red and swollen:
A)	first-degree burn.
B)	third-degree burn.
C)	full-thickness burn.
D)	second-degree burn.
E)	partial thickness burn.
A

A) first-degree burn.

41
Q

Membranes that line body cavities that have openings to the exterior of the body are called mucous membranes

A

True membranes that line body cavities that have openings to the exterior of the body are called mucous membranes. the serous membrane that covers the external surface of both lungs is called the visxeral pleura.

42
Q

Serous membranes line and lubricate joint cavities such as the knee.

A

True Serous membranes line and lubricate joint cavities such as the knee. The pattern that produces fingerprints are produced by dermal papillae in the dermis. … A serous membrane is composed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

43
Q

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will be dissipated

A

false. serous membranes line and lubricate joint cavities such as the knee. false. when an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will be dissipated

44
Q

The dermis is composed mostly of dense connective tissue.

A

True The reticular dermis is the lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue featuring densely packed collagen fibers. It is the primary location of dermal elastic fibers.

45
Q

The pinkish hue of healthy individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated haemoglobin circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the dermis.
Answer:

A

True The reticular dermis is the lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue featuring densely packed collagen fibers. It is the primary location of dermal elastic fibers.

46
Q
  1. The pattern that produces fingerprints are produced by dermal papillae in the dermis. Answer:
A

True, The pattern that produces fingerprints are produced by dermal papillae in the dermis. The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. … The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.

47
Q

The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium.

A

True

48
Q

Melanocytes are nerve cells that function in touch reception

A

False Melanocytes produce the pigment melanin

49
Q
  1. A serous membrane is composed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.
A

True

50
Q

Sebaceous glands release sweat to help control body temperature

A

False sebaceous gland secrete sebum Sweat glands help control body temperature,

51
Q
  1. Melanin is found in the uppermost layer of skin and helps prevent water loss. Answer:
A

False
Melanin gives hair and skin its color, and also helps protect the living cells of … keratin and release a water-repelling glycolipid that helps prevent water loss

52
Q

Hair is produced by the hair bulb and is composed primarily of dead keratinized cells

A

True It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Strands of hair originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis called the hair follicle. … The hair bulb surrounds the hair papilla, which is made of connective tissue and contains blood capillaries and nerve endings from the dermis

53
Q
  1. The thickened, proximal area of the nail is called the nail matrix, and it is responsible for nail growth. Answer:
A

True

54
Q
  1. The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.
    Answer
A

F
The underlying dermis, making up the bulk of the skin, is a tough, leathery …. from the dermis (pink), is shown associated with the tactile cell forming a tactile disc ( touch re- ceptor). …. relative number of melanocytes, individual and racial differ- ences in skin … with less pigment—the soles of the feet and nail beds—attests.

55
Q

Joe just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful; Joe’s burn would best be described as a third-degree burn

A

F
First-degree (superficial) burns. First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. …
Second-degree (partial thickness) burns. Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of skin. …
Third-degree (full thickness) burns. …
Fourth degree burns.

56
Q
  1. The nail is actually a modification of the skin and corresponds to the hooves of animals. Answer:
A

T

57
Q
  1. Apocrine gland secretions are normally odorless, and may be milky or yellowish in color. Answer:
A

T

58
Q
  1. The ABCD rule is used for classifying burns. Answer
A

F
Random facts ABCD Rule The ABCD rule is the rule that recognizes melanoma (a type of skin cancer caused by the burning of the skin) The A part of the ABCD rule stands for asymmetry. The asymmetry is the two sides of the pigmented spot or mole do not match. The B part stands for Border irregularity.

59
Q
  1. Milia is most common during old age when secretions accumulate in the sebaceous glands. Answer:
A

F
A milium cyst is a small, white bump that typically appears on the nose and cheeks. These cysts are often found in groups. Multiple cysts are called milia. Milia occur when keratin becomes trapped beneath the surface of the skin

60
Q
  1. Squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells of the stratum spinosum. Answer:
A

T
Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are highly curable, and arise from cells in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum, respectively. Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, affecting melanocytes, which can spread/metastasize to other organs. … Scars occur when there is repair of skin damage.

61
Q

Explain the ABCD rule

A

Random facts ABCD Rule The ABCD rule is the rule that recognizes melanoma (a type of skin cancer caused by the burning of the skin) The A part of the ABCD rule stands for asymmetry. The asymmetry is the two sides of the pigmented spot or mole do not match. The B part stands for Border irregularity.

62
Q
  1. Distinguish between the locations and secretions of apocrine and eccrine sweat glands.
A

Eccrine glands are sweat glands of the body and are widely distributed all over the body. Apocrine glands secrete substances by emptying them into a hair follicle while eccrine glands discharge directly through a duct onto the skin surface.

63
Q

Explain how the skin helps regulate body temperature

A

Theskin’simmense blood supplyhelps regulate temperature: dilated vessels allow for heat loss, while constricted vessels retain heat. Theskin regulates body temperaturewith its blood supply. Humidity affects thermoregulation by limiting sweat evaporation and thus heat loss.

64
Q
  1. Define and explain the function of the arrector pili.
A
  1. Define and explain the function of the arrector pili.
    Arrector PiliMuscle - This is a tiny muscle that attaches to the base of a hair follicle atoneend and to dermal tissue on the other end. In order to generate heat when the body is cold, thearrector pilimuscles contract all at once, causing the hair to “stand
65
Q
  1. Identify four changes that occur to the skin and subcutaneous connective tissue as a result of aging, and state how these changes can be delayed.
A
  1. Less subcutaneous/adipose tissue- (get cold easier)
  2. Less oil/sebum created- (dry, itchy skin)
  3. Thinning Skin- (bruising & other injuries)
  4. Decreasing elasticity(bounce back of skin)- (saggy skin under eyes and jowls (skin under neck) )
66
Q

List and describe the three types of epithelial membranes.

A

1.) cutaneous membrane 2.) serous membrane 3.) mucous membrane

Cutaneous membrane, the skin, primary organ of the integumentary system, one of the most important, one of the largest and most visible organ

Serous membrane, composed of two distinct layers of tissue. 1st layer lines body cavities and the 2nd covers the organs in those cavities.

Mucous membrane, an epithelial tissue which secretes mucus, and lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages.

67
Q
  1. Differentiate among the roles of melanocytes and keratinocytes. Where in the skin are these cells located?
A

The basalcelllayer is the innermost layer of the epidermis, comprising thekeratinocytesandmelanocytes.Keratinocytesplay an importantrolein providingskinstructure and in functioning of the immune system. Melanin is a pigment produced bymelanocytes, and is responsible for providing theskincolor

68
Q
  1. A container of gasoline exploded on Murray. He experienced some blistering to the skin on his face while the skin on his hands was blackened. Classify and explain the type of burns he received. What are his chances for a full recovery?
A

Face- 2nd degree burn, painful but doesn’t normally scar (heals on its own)
Hands: 3rd degree burn, no pain because nerves are dead/destroyed, needs skin graft to heal, 3rd degree burns on hands (and face) are critical

Skin and Body Membranes (1 decks)

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