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MSS > Skin adnexa and associated disorders > Flashcards

Skin adnexa and associated disorders Flashcards

1
Q

which gland empties into the infundibulum of the hair follicle?

A

sebaceous glands

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2
Q

what attaches to the isthmus of the hair follicle?

A

errector pili muscle

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3
Q

term for mature fine hair

A

vellus

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4
Q

term for baby/fetal hair

A

lanugo

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5
Q

term for coarse hair

A

terminal

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6
Q

anorexia promotes the growth of which hair type?

A

lanugo

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7
Q

female with terminal hairs in male pattern distribution may indicate…

A

androgen excess/polycystic ovarian syndrome

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8
Q

which glands are stimulated by 5DHT?

A

sebaceous

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9
Q

what type of secretion do sebaceous glands…do?

A

holocrine

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10
Q

term for the growth phase of hair

A

anagen

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11
Q

the majority of hair on the scalp is in which phase?

A

anagen (growth)

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12
Q

where is the bulb located during anagen?

A

deep in the SubQ

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13
Q

term for transition phase of hair

A

catagen

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14
Q

which is the shortest phase in the hair growth cycle?

A

catagen

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15
Q

term for the resting phase of hair

A

telogen

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16
Q

where is the bulb located in telogen?

A

migrates superficially

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17
Q

Hair disorder d/t stress, such as pregnancy and major illnesses

A

telogen effluvium

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18
Q

distinct histologic finding of telogen effluvium…

A

club hairs - telogen bulb

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19
Q

AI condition with smooth patches of complete alopecia

A

Alopecia areata

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20
Q

tx for alopecia areata? can be mistaken for….?

A

topical corticosteroids

tinea capitis

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21
Q

which sweat gland is innervated by the SNS?

A

eccrine (Ach)

22
Q

where does the eccrine sweat gland empty?

A

skin surface

23
Q

Which glands are responsible for foul smell?

A

apocrine

24
Q

where do apocrine glands empty?

A

hair follicle

25
Q

term for whitehead

A

comedone

26
Q

problem sequelae for people with darker skin (after acne vulgaris)

A

post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

27
Q

morphology of P. acnes

A

G+ anaerobic rod

28
Q

how does P. acnes cause acne?

A

it depends on glycerol - so it hydrolyses sebum triglycerides
produces pro-inflammatory mediators

29
Q

MOA of topical retinoids

A

normalizing proliferation of follicular keratinocytes

30
Q

MOA of benzoyl peroxide

A

bacteriocidal to P. acnes

31
Q

most common abx tx of acne vulgaris

A

tetracycline

32
Q

SE of doxycycline (2)

A

pill esophagitis, photosensitivity

33
Q

SE of minocycline (3)

A

drug hypersensitivity
drug induced lupus
hepatitis

34
Q

oral contraceptive MOA for tx acne vulgaris

A

block production of androgens

35
Q

indication for isotretinoin

A

severe nodulocystic acne
scarring
recalcitrant acne

36
Q

pt presents with hypo or hyperpigmented oval-round scaly patches, which test positive for Malassezia spp.; dx?

A

Tinea versicolor

37
Q

pigmentation is dependent on size, number, and density of…

A

melanosomes (pigment granules in keratinocytes)

38
Q

Tuberous sclerosis is an AD dz that causes non-malignant tumors of the brain, eyes, heart, kidney, skin and lungs. what are the 4 skin findings?

A

3-4+ ash-leaf hypopigmented macules
angiofibromas (and/or fibrous plaques; often mistaken for acne)
Shagreen patches (look like skin tags; d/t excess collagen0
Periungal fibromas (papules around nail)

39
Q

An acquired T-cell mediated AI dz that destroys melanocytes…

A

vitiligo

40
Q

term for white hair d/t defect in melanocytes

A

poliosis

41
Q

presentation of vitiligo

A

progressive

symmetric

42
Q

oculocutaneous albinism is d/t

A

AD or AR mut in tyrosinase&raquo_space; impaired melanin production

43
Q

AD dz (50% spontaneous mut) d/t mut in neurofibromin, presents with cafe au lait pigmenation, axillary/inguinal freckling, neurofibromas and plexiform neurofibromas

A

neurofibromatosis-1

44
Q

describe plexiform neurofibromas

A

bag of worms under skin; light brown patch

45
Q

term for age spots/liver spots

A

solar lentigo

46
Q

deep pigment in lower dermis creates a blue color, normally localized in the lumbrosacral region - dz?

A

dermal melanocytosis; fades over time

47
Q

Are melanocytic nevi acquired or congenital?

A

acquired; increased risk of transformation to melanoma

48
Q

junctional melanocytic nevi nest in the…

A

epidermis

49
Q

compound melanocytic nevi nest in the…

A

dermis and epidermis

50
Q

intradermal melanocytic nevi nest in the…

A

dermis

51
Q

a giant congenital melanocytic nevus (>20cm) puts the pt at higher risk than small CMN for…

A

melanoma
neurocutaneous melanosis
meningeal melanosis

MSS (7 decks)

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