Skin adnexa and associated disorders

Question 1

which gland empties into the infundibulum of the hair follicle?

Answer 1

sebaceous glands

Question 2

what attaches to the isthmus of the hair follicle?

Answer 2

errector pili muscle

Question 3

term for mature fine hair

Answer 3

vellus

Question 4

term for baby/fetal hair

Answer 4

lanugo

Question 5

term for coarse hair

Answer 5

terminal

Question 6

anorexia promotes the growth of which hair type?

Answer 6

lanugo

Question 7

female with terminal hairs in male pattern distribution may indicate…

Answer 7

androgen excess/polycystic ovarian syndrome

Question 8

which glands are stimulated by 5DHT?

Answer 8

sebaceous

Question 9

what type of secretion do sebaceous glands…do?

Answer 9

holocrine

Question 10

term for the growth phase of hair

Answer 10

anagen

Question 11

the majority of hair on the scalp is in which phase?

Answer 11

anagen (growth)

Question 12

where is the bulb located during anagen?

Answer 12

deep in the SubQ

Question 13

term for transition phase of hair

Answer 13

catagen

Question 14

which is the shortest phase in the hair growth cycle?

Answer 14

catagen

Question 15

term for the resting phase of hair

Answer 15

telogen

Question 16

where is the bulb located in telogen?

Answer 16

migrates superficially

Question 17

Hair disorder d/t stress, such as pregnancy and major illnesses

Answer 17

telogen effluvium

Question 18

distinct histologic finding of telogen effluvium…

Answer 18

club hairs - telogen bulb

Question 19

AI condition with smooth patches of complete alopecia

Answer 19

Alopecia areata

Question 20

tx for alopecia areata? can be mistaken for….?

Answer 20

topical corticosteroids

tinea capitis

Question 21

which sweat gland is innervated by the SNS?

Answer 21

eccrine (Ach)

Question 22

where does the eccrine sweat gland empty?

Answer 22

skin surface

Question 23

Which glands are responsible for foul smell?

Answer 23

apocrine

Question 24

where do apocrine glands empty?

Answer 24

hair follicle

Question 25

term for whitehead

Answer 25

comedone

Question 26

problem sequelae for people with darker skin (after acne vulgaris)

Answer 26

post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Question 27

morphology of P. acnes

Answer 27

G+ anaerobic rod

Question 28

how does P. acnes cause acne?

Answer 28

it depends on glycerol - so it hydrolyses sebum triglycerides produces pro-inflammatory mediators

Question 29

MOA of topical retinoids

Answer 29

normalizing proliferation of follicular keratinocytes

Question 30

MOA of benzoyl peroxide

Answer 30

bacteriocidal to P. acnes

Question 31

most common abx tx of acne vulgaris

Answer 31

tetracycline

Question 32

SE of doxycycline (2)

Answer 32

pill esophagitis, photosensitivity

Question 33

SE of minocycline (3)

Answer 33

drug hypersensitivity drug induced lupus hepatitis

Question 34

oral contraceptive MOA for tx acne vulgaris

Answer 34

block production of androgens

Question 35

indication for isotretinoin

Answer 35

severe nodulocystic acne scarring recalcitrant acne

Question 36

pt presents with hypo or hyperpigmented oval-round scaly patches, which test positive for Malassezia spp.; dx?

Answer 36

Tinea versicolor

Question 37

pigmentation is dependent on size, number, and density of...

Answer 37

melanosomes (pigment granules in keratinocytes)

Question 38

Tuberous sclerosis is an AD dz that causes non-malignant tumors of the brain, eyes, heart, kidney, skin and lungs. what are the 4 skin findings?

Answer 38

3-4+ ash-leaf hypopigmented macules angiofibromas (and/or fibrous plaques; often mistaken for acne) Shagreen patches (look like skin tags; d/t excess collagen0 Periungal fibromas (papules around nail)

Question 39

An acquired T-cell mediated AI dz that destroys melanocytes...

Answer 39

vitiligo

Question 40

term for white hair d/t defect in melanocytes

Answer 40

poliosis

Question 41

presentation of vitiligo

Answer 41

progressive | symmetric

Question 42

oculocutaneous albinism is d/t

Answer 42

AD or AR mut in tyrosinase >> impaired melanin production

Question 43

AD dz (50% spontaneous mut) d/t mut in neurofibromin, presents with cafe au lait pigmenation, axillary/inguinal freckling, neurofibromas and plexiform neurofibromas

Answer 43

neurofibromatosis-1

Question 44

describe plexiform neurofibromas

Answer 44

bag of worms under skin; light brown patch

Question 45

term for age spots/liver spots

Answer 45

solar lentigo

Question 46

deep pigment in lower dermis creates a blue color, normally localized in the lumbrosacral region - dz?

Answer 46

dermal melanocytosis; fades over time

Question 47

Are melanocytic nevi acquired or congenital?

Answer 47

acquired; increased risk of transformation to melanoma

Question 48

junctional melanocytic nevi nest in the...

Answer 48

epidermis

Question 49

compound melanocytic nevi nest in the...

Answer 49

dermis and epidermis

Question 50

intradermal melanocytic nevi nest in the...

Answer 50

dermis

Question 51

a giant congenital melanocytic nevus (>20cm) puts the pt at higher risk than small CMN for...

Answer 51

melanoma neurocutaneous melanosis meningeal melanosis