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Small animal med > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Types of demodex

A
  • D. canis: classic one
  • D injai: extra long tail
  • D. cati: fat tail –> need lime sulfur for tx
  • D. gatoi: no tail, chubby
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2
Q

Tx for demodex

A
  • lime sulfur for cats
  • isoxazolines, ivermectin
  • tx underlying issue
  • benzoyl peroxide shampoo (flushes follicles)
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3
Q

Signs of deep pyoderma

A
  • nodules
  • ulcers
  • draining tracts
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4
Q

When to do bac culture

A
  • long term abx tx
  • rods on cyto
  • <50% improvement or new signs after 2wk of systemic tx
  • persisting lesions and bac after 6wk
  • history of drug resistant bac or recurrent infection in patient
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5
Q

Shampoo for bac infection

A
  • chlorohex
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6
Q

Steps in food trial

A

elimination diet –> dietary challenge (normal diet?) –> elimination diet –> dietary provocation (individual ingredients?)

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7
Q

What has similar distribution as Malassezia

A

Allergic dermatitis

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8
Q

Dx criteria for atopic dermatitis

A

5 of following:

  • <3yo on onset
  • mostly indoors
  • corticosteroid responsive
  • chronic or recurrent yeast infection
  • front feet affected
  • ear pinnae affected
  • ear margin no affected
  • dorso-lumbar not affected
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9
Q

Cutaenous reaction patterns to hypersensitivities in cats

A
  • head and neck pruritus
  • miliary dermatitis (esp fleas)
  • eosinophilic granuloma complex
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10
Q

Causes of self-trauma in cats

A
  • psychogenic
  • parasites
  • infection
  • neuro pain
  • T-cell lymphoma
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11
Q

Cornification

  • definition
  • causes
A
  • incr formation of stratum corneum

- excessive prolif, defective desquamation, abd gland secretion

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12
Q

Nasal hyperkeratosis

  • why type of disorder
  • cause
  • tx
A
  • scaling
  • genetic
  • propylene glycol
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13
Q

Tx for chin acne

A
  • Chlorohex or sulfur salicylic acid shampoo
  • Topical phytosphyngosene (sp?)
  • +/- topical abx
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14
Q

Nasodigital hyperkeratosis

  • breed
  • tx
A
  • cocker spaniel

- moisten area, salicyclic acid if severe

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15
Q

2nd causes of cornification dz

A
  • ectoparasites: parasites, fleas, cheyletiella, demodex, scabies
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16
Q

Primary Seborrhea

  • signs
  • cause
  • prediposes to
A
  • ceruminous otic d’c, greasy, casts,
  • inherited –> incr epi turnover rate
  • Malassezia
17
Q

Sebaceous adenitis

  • pathophys
  • signs
  • dx
A
  • cell mediated destruction of sebaceous glands
  • areas of moth eaten alopecia, in long coat breeds, on dorsum
  • biospy/histo: abscence of sebaceous glands
18
Q

Vit A responsive dermatosis

  • type of dz
  • signs
  • tx
A
  • seborrheic
  • comedone, follicular casts
  • vit A, essensial fatty acids, +/- abx
19
Q

Zinc responsive dermatosis

  • pathophys
  • worsens with
  • 2 syndromes
  • signs
  • dx:
  • tx
A
  • low zn decr epi maturation, incr turnover
  • high fatty acids, high fe, prolong diarrhea
  • sydrome I = hereditary: onset 1-3yo
  • syndrome II = in young rapidly growing dogs
  • scaling, crusting, alopecia, +/- 2nd bac infection
  • dx: biopsy (parakeratosis)
  • zn supp
20
Q

Schnauzer comedo syndrome

  • signs
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • acne
  • biopsy
  • topical anti-seborrheic
21
Q

canine ichthyosis

  • cause
  • signs
  • tx
A
  • congenital
  • scaling
  • like rest of scaling dz….?
22
Q

Some causes of alopecia

  • traction
  • cutaneous T-cell
  • post-clipping
  • alopecia areata
  • pseudopelade
  • vx associated vasculopathy
  • endocrine
A
  • traction
  • cutaenous T-cell lymphoma
  • post- clipping alopecia: clipped hair in telogen
  • alopecia areata: idiopathic immune attack on hair bulb
  • pseudopelade: attack hair follicle mid isthmus
  • vx: esp with rabies
  • endo: hypothyroid, hyperadreno, hyperestrogen
23
Q

Alopecia X

  • cause
  • breed
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • unknown
  • fluffy coat breeds
  • dx via exclusion
  • melatonin, trilostane, microneedling
24
Q

Recurrent flank alopecia

  • sign
  • tx
A
  • seasonally recurrent flank alopecia, non-pruritic

- melatonin

25
Q

Colour dilution alopecia pathophys

A
  • melanin clumps –> makes hair brittle –> alopecia
26
Q

Causes of claw issues

A
  • immune mediated dz’s: lupoid onychodystrophy, pemphigus foliaceus
  • neoplasia: bronchogenic carcinoma, melanoma, keratoacanthoma
27
Q

Interdigital cysts tx

A
  • laser?
  • topical and systemic abx
  • tacrolimus
  • cyclosporine
28
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma (in paws)

  • dx
  • prognosis
A
  • FNA, rads

- good with amputation

29
Q

Pemphigus Foliaceus/ Pemphigus erythematosus

  • pathophys
  • causes
  • sign
  • dx
  • ddx
  • tx
A
  • immune attack on desmosome (desmocollin-1) –> loss of adhesion btw keratinocytes
  • spontaneous, paraneo, drug rxn
  • middle age, pustular dermatitis
  • cyto (acantholutic keratinocytes), culture
  • tx with abx if see bac to rule out pyoderma
  • tx with immunosupp: corticosteroids +/- azathioprine (dogs) or chlorambucil (cats)
30
Q

Adverse rxn to azathioprine

A
  • liver
  • pancrease
  • myelosupp
  • GI
  • 2nd infection
  • need to monitor BW
31
Q

Discoid/Cutaenous lupus erythematosus

  • signs
  • ddx
  • tx
A
  • crusts, erosions, depig of nasal planum
  • ddx pyoderma
  • tacrolimus
32
Q

Lupoid onychitis

  • dx
  • tx
A
  • affects claws and paws
  • patho unknown
  • biopsy?
  • fatty acid supp, tetracyclin niacinamide +/- pentoxifylline if not responding
33
Q

Vasculopathic dz

  • 2 pathogenesis
  • signs
  • risk factors
  • tx
A
  • type 3 hypersensitivity complexs trapped in BM OR nystandard Ig bind to vessel wall
  • ulcers, erosions in peripheries
  • drugs, neoplasia, infection, immune med dz, allergy
  • corticosteroids, pentoxifylline, tetracycline niacinamide
34
Q

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

  • what
  • signs
  • dx
  • tx
  • prognosis
A
  • autoimmune blistering dz
  • middle age, slow progressive, start in mm areas
  • biopsy (subepi vasiculation )
  • tetracycline/niacinamide, +/- pred
  • good
35
Q

Juvenile cellulitis

  • what
  • signs
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • sterile granulomatous dermitis and lymphadenitis
  • puppy, swollen face, enlarged LN
  • cytology, biopsy (esp around hair follicles)
  • pred
36
Q

Well’s syndrome (aka canine eosinophilic dermatitis and edema)

  • what
  • cause
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • have erythematous maculopapular eruptions
  • drugs?, diet?
  • biopsy (perivascular esosino)
  • withdraw drug, antihistamines, glucocorticoids
37
Q

PLasma cell pododermatitis

  • cause
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • unknown
  • bw (incr globulin), FNA (plasma cells)
  • doxycycline

Small animal med (5 decks)

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