Skin Flashcards
What does erythema of the skin indicate?
Increased perfusion
What is the difference between a bulla and a vesicle?
A vesicle is a blister <5mm and a bulla is a blister >5mm
What condition is a port wine stain associated with?
Sturge-Weber - which is itself associated with epilepsy
Coeliac disease is associated with which skin sign?
Dermatitis herpetiforms
Lupus pernio is associated with which condition?
Sarcoidosis
Grave’s disease is associated with which dermatological condition?
Pre-tibial myxoedema
Tuberose sclerosis is associated with a triad of which features? (only one is derm)
- Adenoma sebaceum
- Epilepsy
- Low IQ
75% of leg ulcers are of which origin?
Venous
What are the causes of venous leg ulcers? (2)
- DVT
- Varicose veins
- basically due to venous insufficiency either of superficial or deep venous system
What are the large vessel arterial ulcers caused by?
Ischaemia - atheroma and Beurger’s disease
What are the small vessel arterial ulcers caused by?
Vasculitis - polyarteritis nodosa and RA
What are the causes of neuropathic ulcers? (4)
- Diabetes
- Alcohol
- Tabes dorsalis
- Syringomyelia
How can you distinguish between ischaemic and neuropathic ulcers?
Ischaemic = painful, cold temperature and sensation intact Neuropathic = painless, warm temperature and absent sensation
What is cellulitis?
An infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues
What is the main cause of cellulitis normally?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is the predisposing factor for cellulitis?
Leg oedema
How will the affected area present with cellulitis? (4)
- Erythematous
- Hot
- Swollen
- Blisters/necrosis
What is the management for cellulitis?
Bed rest
Flucloxacillin
If recurrent episodes - prophylactic ABX
What is the most common organism to cause folliculitis?
Staph aureus
How can folliculitis be described?
A small pustule on an erythematous base, centred on a follicle
What can folliculitis develop into?
Furunculosis (boil) - a deep infection of a hair follicle by staph. aureus.
How can a furunculosis present?
Painful, inflammatory nodule, red and pus-filled lumps that are tender, warm and painful. Often a yellow or white point at the centre of the lump can be seen when the boil is ready to drain.
What is the treatment for lupus vulgaris?
Standard anti-tuberculosis therapy - Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide
What is the cause of genital warts?
HPV - increased risk of penile and cervical cancer
What virus causes molluscum contagiosum?
POX
What are the classical features of molluscum contagioum?
Pearly pink papules with central umbilication
What is the treatment for scabies? (5 but one most common)
- Benzylbenzoate emulsion
- Lindane lotion
- Monosulfiram solution
- Aqueous malathion
- 5% permethrin cream (this one is used most)
Which mnemonic is useful for remembering the causes of erythema nodosum? (and what are the causes)
SORE SHINS S - streptococci O - OCP R - rickets E - eponymous (Behcets) S - sulfonamides H - Hansen's disease (leprosy) I - IBD N - NHL S - sarcoidosis
