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Year 1 Locomotion > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of skin?

A 
Protection
Thermoregulation 
Metabolic function 
Psychosocial
Sensation
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2
Q

What are the main layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis - Splits into the Papillary and the Reticular
Hyper-dermis

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3
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A 
Stratum Corneum 
Stratum Granulosum 
Stratum Spinosum 
Stratum Basale 
(Run from superficial to deep)
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4
Q

What is the rough lifespan of a epidermal cell?

A

45-60 days

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5
Q

Name 3 things that happen as cells mature

A

Increase in keratin granules and filaments
Increase in lamella bodies (glycophospholipids)
Cells become flattened and more tightly packed

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6
Q

How does cell life span change in people with psoriasis?

A

Normal life span is only 7 days

Over proliferation of skin cells, resulting in an excess and therefore dry and flaking patches

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7
Q

Name 4 types of epidermal cell

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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8
Q

Which epidermal layer would you find Keratinocytes in? What is their function?

A

All layers - Corneum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale
90% of all epidermal cells
Makes Keratin

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9
Q

Which epidermal layer would you find Melanocytes in? What is their function?

A

Basale layer

Produce melanin

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10
Q

Which epidermal layer would you find Langerhans cells in? What is their function?

A

Spinosum
Present antigens
Results in hypersensitivity reactions - Type 4 rash
Associated with nickel sensitivity and contact dermatitis

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11
Q

Which epidermal layer would you find Merkel cells in? What is their function?

A

Basale layer

Light touch sensory function

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12
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

Blood vessels
Nerves
Hair follicles
Collagen and Elastin

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13
Q

What makes up a Pilosebaceous unit?

A

Hair follicle
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pili muscle

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14
Q

Name the 2 types of sweat glands and state where they are found

A

Eccrine - All over the body (Thermoregulation)

Apocrine - Armpit and groin

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15
Q

How does skin aid thermoregulation?

MORE ON THIS

A

AV anastomoses
Found in the top and bottom of the dermis
Can cause shutdown at different levels

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16
Q

What is a macule?

A

Flat small skin lesion

17
Q

What is a patch?

A

Flat large skin lesion

18
Q

What is a papule?

A

A raised solid small skin lesion

19
Q

What is a nodule?

A

A raised solid large skin lesion

20
Q

What is a plaque?

A

A raised solid very large skin lesion (psoriasis)

Where the area is greater than the height

21
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Raised, fluid filled, small and clear skin lesion

22
Q

What is a Bolla?

A

Raised, fluid filled large and clear skin lesion

blister

23
Q

What is a Pustule?

A

Raised, fluid filled, pus filled skin lesion

24
Q

What is a large Pustule called?

A

An abscess

25
Q

What are the risk factors for a basal cell carcinoma?

A

UV exposure, genetic predisposition (pale skin), immunosuppression

26
Q

Which is the most common skin cancer?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

27
Q

What is the prognosis for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Good.
Doesn’t metastasise
Just chop the affected skin out

28
Q

What is the second most common type of skin cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

29
Q

What are the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

UV exposure, being male, immunosuppression, fair skinned, occupational exposure

30
Q

What does the prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma depend on?

A

Depends on lesion thickness

Does metastasise

31
Q

What are the risk factors for Melanoma?

A

UV exposure, lots of dysplastic or niave lesions, history of melanoma
Least common type of skin cancer

32
Q

What is the prognosis for Melanoma?

A

Poor

Based on deepness of invasion

33
Q

What histological changes would you see in cancerous cells?

A

Hyperchromatic
Loss of normal architecture
High nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
Pleomorphism (cells don’t all look the same)

34
Q

What is the A to E approach for assessing lesions?

A 
A = Asymmetry = bad if not symmetrical 
B = Border = bad if jagged border
C = Colour = bad if not all the same colour 
D = Diameter = bad if big 
E = Evolution = bad if crusty, bleeding, itchy...anything it wasn't previously
35
Q

What does TNM staging stand for?

A

Tumour size
No of nodes
Metastasis

36
Q

What are the boundaries for removal of a lesion?

A

Elliptical
3:1 cm length:width
Incision should be parallel to tension lines in skin

Year 1 Locomotion (18 decks)

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