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Normal Body Microanatomy > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

__________ is the outer layer of skin and is derived from ectoderm

A

Epidermis

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2
Q

_________ is the inner layer of skin and is derived from mesoderm

A

Dermis

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3
Q

_______ lies is a part of the tegument that lies beneath the two skin layers and is fatty CT (GA: superficial fascia)

A

Hypodermis

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4
Q

Thin (hairy) skin and thick (hairless) skin refer only to the thickness of the ___________

A

epidermis

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5
Q

Thick skin has ___________ which give finger and foot prints

A

papillary ridges

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6
Q

The main cell type of epidermis

A

Keratinocyte

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7
Q

Lowest layer of epidermis, cuboidal

A

Stratum basale

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8
Q

________ tie keratin networks to membrane and to neighboring cells

A

Desmosomes

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9
Q

______________ is caused by a mutation in keratin expressed in basal cells of the epidermis

A

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex

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10
Q

Autoimmune blistering disease - attack on desmosomal proteins

A

Pemphigus

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11
Q

Layer of epidermis that has several layers just above the stratum basale, below stratum granulosum

A

Stratum spinosum

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12
Q

Layer that has keratohyalin granules containing fillagrin, outer apical surfaces have lamellar bodies

A

Stratum granulosum

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13
Q

____________ in between stratum granulosum and stratum corneum are hydrophobic and form a barrier to water to prevent dehydration

A

Lamellar bodies

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14
Q

At least several layers of keratin, dead cells

A

Stratum corneum

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15
Q

Corneocytes detach from the stratum corner due to decreasing pH and proteolysis of __________

A

desmosomes

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16
Q

___________ are derived from neural crest cells and invade the stratum basale with processes (melanosomes) that are filled with melanin and are phagocytosed/endocytosed by keratinocytes

A

Melanocytes

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17
Q

__________ is the layer of epidermis with the most melanin because the cells are constantly dividing, so the DNA needs to be protected the most from UV (melanin caps the tops of nuclei)

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

Type of melanin that stains brown

A

Eumelanin

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19
Q

Type of melanin that looks red

A

Pheomelanin

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20
Q

______________ is the thickest layer of epidermis, so Langerhan’s cells are often found there

A

Stratum spinosum

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21
Q

Layer of epidermis where basal cell carcinoma occurs (common, hardly ever metastasizes)

A

Stratum basale

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22
Q

Cells involved in squamous cell carcinoma (common, metastasis not common)

A

Keratinocytes

23
Q

Cells involved in malignant melanoma (~15% metastasize) - derived from neural crest cells, job is to invade surrounding tissues

A

Melanocytes

24
Q

ABCD of melanoma

A

Asymmetry of mole
Border - uneven/raised
Color - uneven
Diameter greater than 6 mm

25
Q

__________ expression increased during tanning (analgesia, dependency) that may be involved in tanning addition
Controlled along with increased pigment production

A

Beta-endorphin

26
Q

DICT underneath epidermis

A

Dermis

27
Q

_________ contain capillaries and nerve endings and serve to increase surface area and binding between epidermis and dermis

A

Dermal papillae

28
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

Papillary

Reticular

29
Q

Upper (outer) layer of dermis with finer collagen

A

Papillary

30
Q

Lower (inner) layer of dermis with thicker collagen (collagen determines Langer’s lines which is then where skin splits - helps determine where to cut to get less scarring)

A

Reticular

31
Q

_______ is a network of blood vessels (capillaries for capillaries) - important for thermoregulation

A

Plexus

32
Q

_____ nerve endings = end of axon

A

Free nerve endings

33
Q

_________ nerve endings connect with stratum basale and are important for sensing texture

A

Merkel’s

34
Q

________ are important for touch and can be found concentrated in fingertips

A

Nerve endings

35
Q

Huge nerve endings important for sensing vibration, multilayered capsule of Schwann cells, fluid, and layers of CT (properties of capsule determines what it responds to) looks like an onion cut in half

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

36
Q

Nerve endings important for movement of objects against skin, axon winds through capsule and Schwann cells (doesn’t have fluid or layers) - looks like wrappings of a mummy
Elongated, near stratum basale of epidermis

A

Meissner’s Corpuscles

37
Q

Epidermal appendages are derived from the ______

A

epidermis

38
Q

Very large epidermal appendages in which cells derived from the epithelium surround hair and fill with keratin

A

Hair follicles

39
Q

__________ muscle attached to hair follicle and connected to dermis that is responsible for raising hairs and goosebumps

A

Arrector Pili Muscle

40
Q

Stem cells of the ______ of hair follicles are used to repopulate epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands during wounding

A

bulge

41
Q

During normal homeostasis, ________ cells maintain epidermis, and bulge cells maintain follicle (sebaceous gland stem cells too)

A

basal cells

42
Q

Hair cycle (make a hair, resting period, falls out, make new hair) occurs in ___________, a source or stem cells

A

Hair follicles

43
Q

__________ secrete sebum: triglycerides fatty acids, waxes (oil of skin)

A

Sebocytes

44
Q

A pore is _______ coming from a hair follicle

A

sebum

45
Q

The sebaceous glands have ___________ cuboidal epithelium

A

stratified

46
Q

Sebaceous glands use _________ excretion, where the whole cell is excreted (cells differentiate and die)

A

holocrine

47
Q

__________ have lacy cytoplasm and secrete sebum

A

Sebaceous glands

48
Q

___________ sweat glands use merocrine excretion to secrete a mixture of carbs, lipids, proteins, and ammonia (secrete in response to emotional stimuli)

A

Apocrine sweat glands

49
Q

Coiled tube sometimes associated with hair follicles. Only located in certain parts of the body (smelly - anus, external genitalia), contains pheromones in animals - bacteria act on the sweat to cause the odor

A

Apocrine sweat glands

50
Q

_____________ cells can contract to squeeze out sweat

A

Myoepithelial cells

51
Q

Simple cuboidal or columnar secretory cells and myoepithelial cells, ducts are stratified cuboidal
Ceruminous glands of ear (ear wax)
Glands of Moll of eyelashes - antibacterial

A

Apocrine sweat glands

52
Q

Merocrine glands that secrete sweat in response to increased body temperature or emotional stress, saltwater secretion (typical sweat) contains water, salt, lactate, urea, ammonia
Small lumen, see both gland and duct
Duct is darker staining and stratified cuboidal

A

Eccrine sweat glands

53
Q

Not part of skin, but is part of integument
Can have appendages that sit here
Fatty CT

A

Hypodermis

Normal Body Microanatomy (1 decks)

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