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Skin, Eye + Ear > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of skin

A

Barrier, regulation i.e. temp, immunity, enables movement and growth, excretion and endocrine function

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2
Q

Layers of skin

A

Epidermis –> dermis –> hypodermis –> blood vessels

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3
Q

What is it that makes skin thick?

A

Glabrous (non-hairy) - thin skin is hairy and has hair follicles

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4
Q

What layer of epidermis is not present in thin skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

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5
Q

Where is thick skin found?

A

Places of wear + tear: soles of feet, palms, back and buttocks

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6
Q

What are the layers of epidermis?

A

Bad (Stratum Basale), School (Stratum Spinosum), Girls (Stratum Granulosum), Like (Stratum Lucidum), Cocaine (Stratum Corneum)

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7
Q

Which layer is deepest?

A

Stratum Basale

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8
Q

Which layer has new cells being made?

A

Stratum Basale. New cells being made which migrate through other layers of skin.

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of non-epithelial cell in the epidermis?

A
  1. Melanocytes - protect from sunlight
  2. Langerhans cells - recognise antigens, role in immunity
  3. Merkel cells - mechanoreceptors for touch
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10
Q

Which layer does Basal Cell Carcinoma effect?

A

Stratum basale

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11
Q

Which layer does Squamous Cell Carcinoma effect?

A

Stratum corneum

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12
Q

Which layer does Malignant Melanoma effect?

A

Stratum granulosum. Melanocytes.

Least common carcinoma and most dangerous

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13
Q

What are warts?

A

Small lumps on hand/feet caused by HPV. Cause an XS amount of Keratin to be produced in epidermis.

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14
Q

How are blisters caused?

A

Forms between stratum basal and spinosum, or between epidermis and dermis. Moving over layers need frictional component which is not present in new shoes.

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15
Q

What are hair follicles?

A

Composed mainly of Keratin - central medulla surrounded by cortex with a surface cuticle. Hair bulb and papilla found together. Function = thermoregulation

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16
Q

What is a sebaceous gland?

A

Associated with hair follicles. Secrete lipids called sebum = waterproofing. Independent of hair follicles are areolae, vulva and eyelid where they open directly to skin or mucosal surface, Link to errecter pilli muscles. Look like bubble paintings + holey.

17
Q

What are eccrine sweat glands?

A

Widespread throughout skin at junction between dermis and subcutis –> SWEAT. Look like hula hoops with spots on them.

18
Q

What are apocrine glands?

A

Axillary + groin areas. Located dermis/subcutis. Scent production for territory marking and sexual attraction. Secrete into adj. hair follicles via duct.

19
Q

What components are absent from thick skin?

A

Sebaceous glands

20
Q

What components are absent from thin skin?

A

Dermal papillae

21
Q

What components are involved in acne?

A

Sebaceous glands + hair follicles

22
Q

Arrector pilli muscles + their link to sympathetic nervous supply…?

A

Arterioles are supplied by andronergic sympathetic fibres, which mediate vasoconstriction. Also supply myoepithelial cells + eccrine sweat glands.

23
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary dermis - fine interlacing collagen fibres and elastin. arterioles, capillary loops, venules, lympathics and Moistener’s corpuscles.
  2. Reticular dermis - large collagen + elastin bundles, blood vessels and nerves, skin appendages, lymphocytes, mast cells + macrophages (present but scarce)
24
Q

What else does dermis contain?

A

Blood + nerve supply

25
Q

What outgrowths are in epidermis?

A

Retes ridges, project downwards

26
Q

What outgrowths are in dermis?

A

Dermal papillae

27
Q

How do we get our individual fingerprint?

A

Retes ridge + dermal papillae

28
Q

1 degree burn?

A

Pain + reddening of epidermis

29
Q

2 degree burn?

A

Epidermis + dermis - pain, blistering, sore and red

30
Q

3 degree burn?

A

Go through dermis and affect deeper tissue. Results in white or black charred skin which may be numb

31
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Localised area of skin that has sensation from one specific nerve

32
Q

Efferent nervous system….?

A

Non-myelinated from sympathetic ANS. Blood vessels of skin + skin appendages - arrecter pills + eccrine sweat glands.

33
Q

Types of afferent nervous system?

A
  1. Free Nerve Endings
    a) Merkel-cell neurite complexes
  2. Encapsulated endings
    a) Meissener’s corpuscles
    b) Pacinian corpuscles
    c) Ruffini corpuscles
34
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Nocioreceptors (pain), thermoreceptors (temp)
Merkel cell-neurite complex (mechanoreceptors)
- Dermal epidermal junction
- Slow speed of adaption
- Detect pressure

35
Q

Meissener’s Corpuscles

A
  • Papillary dermis
  • Rapid acting mechanoreceptors
  • Detect touch + sensation
36
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A
  • Subcutis
  • Rapid acting
  • Detect deep pressure + vibration
37
Q

Ruffini endings

A
  • Cutaneous tissue
  • Slow acting
  • Detect stretching + shearing

Skin, Eye + Ear (3 decks)

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